Taizu852—912
A native of Dangshan in Songzhou, he participated in the Huang Chao uprising in his early years. In 882, he surrendered to the Tang Dynasty and was given the name Quanzhong and served as the military envoy of Xuanwu. He annexed the Central Plains in the melee of vassal towns, hijacked the imperial court, killed Zhaozong, and usurped the Tang Dynasty in 907 to establish the Later Liang Dynasty. In his later years, he became dissolute and jealous, and was killed by his son Zhu Yougui.
Former Shu Gaozu847—918
A native of Wuyang, Xuzhou, he was a rogue when he was young. He joined the army in the late Tang Dynasty and gained credit for escorting Tang Xizong. In 891, he captured Chengdu and gradually occupied both Sichuan and Sichuan. In 907, he proclaimed himself emperor and named his country Shu. It was also known as Qianshu in history. His mausoleum, Yongling, is located in Chengdu. It is the first scientifically excavated tomb of an emperor in my country.
Founding King of Wuyue852—932
A native of Lin'an, Hangzhou, he sold salt when he was young. He joined the local soldiers in the late Tang Dynasty. Later, he conquered Dong Chang and occupied two Zhejiang provinces. He was granted the title of Wu King Yue by the Later Liang Dynasty. He served Zhengshuo of the Central Plains, protected the environment and the people, built stone ponds to protect the sea, and made the two Zhejiang provinces increasingly prosperous. It is said that "The flowers are blooming on the road, you can slowly return home" comes from the letter he wrote home to the princess.
Ci poets from the Huajian Schoolc. 836–910 CE
A native of Duling, Jingzhao. Huang Chao was trapped in the city when he invaded Chang'an. He later wrote a long narrative poem "Qin Women's Song", which together with "Peacock Flying Southeast" and "Mulan Poetry" are known as "Three Wonders of Yuefu". In his later years, he entered Shu to assist Wang Jian, and became chief minister of former Shu. The style of his poetry is clear and elegant, and he is also called "Wen Wei" together with Wen Tingyun.
The ancestor of northern landscape paintingc. 850–? CE
A painter of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, he lived in seclusion in the Hong Valley of the Taihang Mountains to avoid war, and named himself Hong Guzi. He observed the Taihang turquoise and stone sketches for a long time, created the panoramic composition of mountains and rivers, and wrote the painting theory "Brushwork Notes", proposing the "six essentials" of Qi, rhyme, thought, scenery, brushwork and ink. Guan Tong immediately studied under him.
Famous generals of Houliang863—923
A native of Shouzhang, Yunzhou, he was brave and good at fighting. During the battle, he held an iron gun in his hand and ran as fast as flying. His military nickname was "Wang Iron Spear". After the Tang army went south in 923, he was defeated, injured and captured. He refused Li Cunxu's persuasion to surrender and died. During his lifetime, he often said, "A leopard leaves its skin when it dies, and a man leaves his name when he dies", which was praised by later generations.
Later Tang Zhuangzong885—926
A Shatuo native, the eldest son of Li Keyong. It is said that Li Keyong gave him three arrows before his death and asked him to take revenge. He was good at using troops, and he successively destroyed the Yan Dynasty, defeated the Khitan, destroyed the Later Liang Dynasty, and established the Later Tang Dynasty. After he came to the throne, he favored actors and actresses and died in the Xingjiaomen incident. Ouyang Xiu lamented that "worry and labor can rejuvenate a country, but leisure can destroy one's life."
Elders of the Four Dynasties882—954
A native of Jingcheng, Yingzhou. He served in the Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and later Zhou dynasties. When the Khitan entered Bian, he also received an official position in the Liao Dynasty. He presided over the engraving and printing of the Nine Classics and contributed to the inheritance of culture; Ouyang Xiu denounced him as "shameless", and later generations had different opinions.
Later Jin Gaozu892—942
A native of Shatuo, he was the son-in-law of Mingzong in the later Tang Dynasty and served as the governor of Hedong. In 936, he rebelled against the Later Tang Dynasty and sought aid from the Khitan on the condition of becoming a vassal, ceding the sixteen states of Yanyun, and losing 300,000 pieces of silk every year. He destroyed the Later Tang Dynasty and established the Later Jin Dynasty. He respected Yelü Deguang, who was ten years younger than himself, as his father and was ridiculed as the "son emperor".
HouShuLast Ruler919—965
The third son of Meng Zhixiang, the founding monarch of Later Shu, came to the throne at the age of sixteen and reigned for more than thirty years. In the early days, he was diligent in political affairs and the territory was prosperous. The four sentences in his admonishment to the officials, "Your salary and salary are good for the people, the people are easy to abuse, but the heaven is difficult to bully." were later awarded as the "Stone Inscription" by Taizong of the Song Dynasty. In 965, the Song Dynasty surrendered.
Later Zhou Shizong921—959
A native of Yaoshan, Xingzhou, Guo Wei was the adopted son. He reigned for less than six years. After the Battle of Gaoping, he rectified the imperial army, fixed land taxes, restricted Buddhist temples, conquered the Southern Tang Dynasty three times to seize the land north of the Yangtze River, and conquered the Khitan in the north to regain the three states and three passes. He died of illness without fulfilling his ambition. He was only thirty-nine years old and was known as the most wise emperor of the Five Dynasties.
Counselor of the Later Zhou Dynasty915—959
A native of Dongping, he was a Jinshi of the Later Han Dynasty. Zhou Shizong published the "Pingbian Policy" at that time, and proposed a unified strategy of first taking the Jianghuai River, then Lingnan and Bashu, then the Yan area, and finally pacifying Hedong. This was the basis of the "first south and then north" strategy in the early Song Dynasty. He was also proficient in calendar music and presided over the compilation of the "Qin Tian Calendar", and was promoted to Privy Councilor.
Southern Tang Painting Academy awaits edictc. 910–980 CE
A painter of the Southern Tang Dynasty, he was good at figure painting. It is said that the Last Ruler Li Yu wanted to know about the night banquet of the minister Han Xizai, so he ordered him to sneak in and take a peek. He drew "Han Xizai's Night Banquet" based on visual recognition and mental notes. The banquet scene is depicted in long scrolls with different expressions on the characters. The surviving copy is generally believed to be a Song Dynasty copy.
The ancestor of southern landscape painting?–c. 962 CE
A painter of the Southern Tang Dynasty, he served as the deputy envoy of Beiyuan and was known as "Dong Beiyuan" in the world. He is good at depicting the misty atmosphere of the hills south of the Yangtze River with hemp cloth. His painting style is plain and innocent. His handed down works include "The Picture of Xiaoxiang" and "The Picture of Summer Mountain". Together with his disciple Ju Ran, he was known as "Dong Ju" and profoundly influenced the literati paintings of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.
Southern Tang Last Ruler937—978
He is good at calligraphy and painting, proficient in music and rhythm, and is especially famous for his lyrics. In 975, the Song army captured Jinling, and he was captured and headed north. His style of poetry changed from beautiful to sad. In "The Poppy", "Asking you how much sorrow you can have is like a river of spring water flowing eastward" has been passed down through the ages. He died in Bianjing in 978. According to legend, he was poisoned by Song Taizong.