Dynasties of ChinaNorthern SongNorthern Song lineage
Jianlong and others · Reign 960—976
Chenqiao rebelled against Huangpao and joined forces, withdrew military power, eliminated vassal towns, and unified the south first from the south to the north, establishing the Song Dynasty's pattern of emphasizing culture and restraining military force.
Zhao Kuangyin, a native of Zhuojun, was born in Jiamaying, Luoyang. His father, Zhao Hongyin, was a general of the Five Dynasties Forbidden Army. He traveled widely in his early years, and in 948 he joined Guo Wei, the Privy Envoy of the Later Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Later Zhou Dynasty, he bravely charged and turned the tide of the battle in the Battle of Gaoping in 954. He was highly valued by Zhou Shizong and was ordered to rectify the Forbidden Army. Since then, he has made many military exploits. In 959, he was promoted to the post of Inspector in front of the palace and took charge of the elite of the Forbidden Army.
Zhou Shizong died of illness in 959, and Emperor Gong ascended the throne at the age of seven. In the first month of the following year, Zhao Kuangyin led his army on an expedition to the south under the pretext of the Northern Han and Khitan forces joining forces. He was supported by the soldiers at Chenqiaoyi and returned to Kaifeng. Following the abdication, he established the Song Dynasty. He first put down the resistance of Li Jun and Li Chongjin, and then used a glass of wine to release the military power to seize the military power of the veteran generals. He set up generals and transfer envoys to weaken the feudal towns, and used civil servants to govern the prefectures and counties. He also followed the strategy of "first south and then north" to successively pacify Jinghu, Houshu, Southern Han, and Southern Tang.
Taizu was an open-minded man, generous to the king, advocated reading, and established the basic system of centralization in the Song Dynasty with Zhao Pu and others. In 976, he visited Luoyang in the west and once had the intention of moving the capital, but he gave up because of the opposition of the officials and Jin Wang Zhao Guangyi. In October of the same year, he died suddenly in Kaifeng Palace at the age of fifty. His younger brother Zhao Guangyi came to the throne. The theory of "the sound of candle shadow and axe" made the cause of his death an eternal mystery.
Zhao Kuangyin used military force to become a country, but he used peaceful means to seize military power. He eradicated the separatist rule of feudal towns in the late Tang and Five Dynasties through the system of civil servants knowing the state, tongpan, and transfer envoys, ending more than half a century of military melee. He unified the south, favored scribes, and expanded the imperial examination, creating a situation of civil rule in the Song Dynasty. However, the policy of emphasizing culture and suppressing military force, strengthening cadres and weak branches, also caused the chronic disease of soldiers and generals being separated and weak military strength. Yanyun's Sixteen Prefectures were never recovered; the inheritance after his death even left the mystery of "the sound of the candle shadow and the axe".
MilitaryGo to Guo Wei
After traveling for many years without finding a way out, he was recruited and served under Guo Wei, the privy envoy of the Later Han Dynasty, and followed the army to put down the rebellion of Li Shouzhen in Hezhong. After the founding of Zhou Dynasty in 951 by Guo Wei, he became a member of the Forbidden Army.
MilitaryBattle of Gaoping
The Northern Han Dynasty united with the Liao army to go south, and Zhou Shizong personally conquered it. During the battle at Gaoping, the right army fled. Zhao Kuangyin and Zhang Yongde each led two thousand men to charge hard and turn the tide of the battle. After the war, he was promoted to Yuhou, the capital in front of the palace, and was ordered to rectify the imperial army.
MilitaryCapture Huangfuhui
Following Zhou Shizong's expedition to the Southern Tang Dynasty, he led his army to a surprise attack on Qingliu Pass in Chuzhou. Taking advantage of the victory, he pursued him to the gates of Chuzhou City and captured Huangfuhui, a famous general of the Southern Tang Dynasty, alive, which greatly enhanced his reputation.
PoliticsCheck before being promoted to the palace
During Zhou Shizong's Northern Expedition, he got a wooden sign with the words "Inspection and inspection as the emperor". After returning to Beijing, he dismissed Zhang Yongde, the inspection and inspection officer in front of the palace, and replaced him with Zhao Kuangyin. Shizong died of illness in the same year, and Emperor Gong came to the throne at the age of seven.
PoliticsChenqiao Mutiny
In the first month of the first month, under the pretext of the Northern Han Dynasty uniting with the Khitans to invade the south, he led his army on an expedition. When he arrived at Chenqiaoyi, he was proclaimed emperor by the soldiers wearing yellow robes. After returning to Kaifeng, he became Emperor Gongabdication of the Later Zhou Dynasty, changed the country's name to Song Dynasty, and established Yuan and Jianlong.
MilitaryPingding Erli
In the later Zhou Dynasty, Li Jun, the military governor of Zhaoyi, raised troops in Zelu, and Li Chongjin, the military governor of Huainan, raised troops in Yangzhou. Taizu personally went to war, and the two of them were defeated and burned themselves on fire. From then on, the vassal towns in various places did not dare to act rashly.
PoliticsRelease military power over a glass of wine
In July, he invited Shi Shouxin, Wang Shenqi and other senior generals of the Forbidden Army to a banquet, and persuaded them to hand over their military power and buy more good land and beautiful houses to live out their lives. The generals all complained of illness and asked to resign the next day. The details of this matter come from the notes of Song Dynasty people, which are exaggerated.
PoliticsAlliance of the Golden Chamber
Dutaihou died of illness, and it is said that before his death, Taizu made an agreement that he would be passed down to his younger brother Guangyi after his death, and Zhao Pu would record it and hide it in the golden cabinet. This matter was not made public by Zhao Pu until the Taizong Dynasty, and historians were suspicious of it.
PoliticsStrong trunk and weak branches
Zhao Pu's strategy of "seizing a little of his power, controlling his money and grain, and recruiting his elite soldiers" was adopted: selected elite soldiers from various places to join the imperial army, set up generals to restrain the magistrates, and sent all the wealth of the prefectures and counties to the capital except for retention. The foundation of the feudal system was gradually dismantled.
MilitaryThe false way destroys Jinghu Lake
In the name of assisting Hunan in quelling the civil strife, he took advantage of Jingnan and took the opportunity to make an emergency landing at Gao Jichong in Jingnan. He then attacked Zhou Baoquan in Hunan and captured the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, taking the first step in the unification war.
Politics"Song Xingtong" was promulgated
Dou Yi and others were ordered to compile the "Song Xingtong" based on the Tang Code and the Later Zhou Dynasty Xingtong, which was printed and issued nationwide. It has been the basic code of law in the two Song Dynasties ever since.
Lasting legacy"Song Xingtong" is the first published and promulgated code of law in China. The entire book has been preserved to this day and is an important document for studying the laws of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
MilitaryDestroy Hou Shu
Wang Quanbin led two armies into Shu, and in just sixty-six days they made an emergency landing at Meng Chang, the leader of Shu. However, after the Song army entered Chengdu, they launched troops and looted, which triggered a rebellion in Shu, which took two years to put down.
MilitaryThe Northern Han Dynasty cannot be conquered in person
He personally led a large army to besiege Taiyuan and diverted the Fen River to flood the city. The attack could not be taken for a long time. When the Liao army came to help, the summer rain caused an epidemic among the army, so he had to withdraw.
EconomySet up Guangzhou Shipping Division
After Pan Mei conquered the Southern Han Dynasty, he established the Municipal Shipping Department in Guangzhou to manage overseas trade, collect shipping taxes, and purchase imported goods. Overseas trade income has since become an important source of finance for the Song Dynasty.
CultureEngraved seal "Open Treasure"
He ordered people to go to Yizhou to carve the Tripitaka. It took more than ten years to carve 130,000 blocks and collected more than 5,000 volumes of Buddhist scriptures. This was the first printed version of the Tripitaka in China.
Lasting legacyAfter "Kai Bo Bo" was introduced to Korea, it was overwritten and engraved based on it. The more than 80,000 sutra tablets of the "Koreo Tripitaka" currently stored in Haeinsa Temple in South Korea are based on it.
PoliticsCreate a palace examination
The Jinshi who was admitted by Li Fang in Zhigongju was beaten by Xu Shilian, who was defeated, and went to the Wengu to report the injustice. Taizu personally re-examined in the Jiangwu Hall. After that, the imperial examinations presided over by the emperor gradually became customized, and the Jinshi became "disciples of the emperor."
Lasting legacyThe Imperial Examination was used in successive dynasties. It was not until the last Qing Dynasty examination in 1904 that it was abolished along with the civil service examination system.
MilitaryDestroy the Southern Tang Dynasty
Cao Bin led his army eastward along the Yangtze River and adopted Fan Ruoshui's strategy to build a pontoon across the river at Caishiji. They besieged Jinling for more than half a year. In November 975, the city was defeated and the last ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu, surrendered.
PoliticsInspected Luoyang to the west and discussed moving the capital
In March, he visited Luoyang westward, intending to move the capital to take advantage of the dangerous mountains and rivers to reduce redundant troops. The ministers tried hard to remonstrate, and Jin King Zhao Guangyi said that "virtue is not dangerous", so Taizu had to give up, sighing that the people's power in the world would be destroyed within a hundred years.
PeopleCandle shadow and ax sound
On the night of October 20th, the king of Jin was summoned to the palace to drink. He died early the next morning at the age of fifty. Notes from the Song Dynasty record the sound of an ax under the shadow of a candle. Zhao Guangyi came to the throne immediately. Historians have many doubts about Taizu's death.
One of the main planners of the Chenqiao Mutiny, he served as chief minister in the Taizu Dynasty for nearly ten years. He proposed to deprive the vassal town of power and establish the centralization system of the Song Dynasty. According to legend, there is a saying that "half of the Analects of Confucius governs the world."
The mother of Taizu and Taizong. When he heard that his son was proclaimed emperor, he said, "I heard that it is difficult to be a king." He warned Taizu to be cautious in his administration. It is said that before his death, he made a "Golden Chamber Alliance" that was passed down to his younger brother.
Taizu's younger brother participated in the Chenqiao Mutiny. He served as Kaifeng Yin for a long time and was granted the title of King of Jin. His position was above chief minister. He cultivated a large number of close followers and succeeded to the throne in 976.
Taizu was a sworn brother, a founding hero, and served as commander and envoy in front of the palace. In 961, he first surrendered his military power and left the town in the cup of wine to release his military power. After that, he concentrated on gathering money and became rich.
Known for his kindness. In 974, he led the army to attack the Southern Tang Dynasty, restraining the officers and soldiers not to kill indiscriminately. He captured Jinling and did not commit any crimes in the later autumn. Later, he became an envoy to the Privy Council.
Taizu's old tribe led troops to conquer the Southern Han Dynasty from 970 to 971, and later participated in the pacification of the Southern Tang Dynasty and Northern Han Dynasty. The image of "Pan Renmei" as a traitor in the novel is inconsistent with historical facts.
He was a famous official in the later Zhou Dynasty and early Song Dynasty. He was knowledgeable and known as the Qing Jie. He was ordered to preside over the compilation of the "Song Xingtong", which was promulgated to the world in 963.