Deng Yu
PoliticsNanyang Xinyeren traveled to Chang'an with Liu Xiu. After hearing that Liu Xiu had raised an army, he crossed the Yellow River north to follow him.
Dynasties of ChinaEastern HanEastern Han lineage
Emperor GuangwuLiu Xiu
Jianwu · Jianwuzhongyuan · Reign 25—57
Starting from Chongling in Nanyang, he became famous in the First World War in Kunyang, rebuilt the Han Dynasty and unified the country, creating the "Guangwu Zhongxing".
IBiography
- Reign
- 32 years
- Reign era
- Jianwu · Jianwuzhongyuan
- Order of accession
- Ruler #1 · Eastern Han lineage
- Life dates
- 5 BCE–57 CE
- Titles
- Temple name: Shizu · Posthumous title: Emperor Guangwu · Buried at Yuanling Mausoleum
Liu Xiu is a descendant of Changsha King Ding Liu Fa, the son of Emperor Jing. He was born in Caiyang County, Nanyang County. His father Liu Qin only served as the magistrate of Nanton County, and his family had already declined. He worked as a farmer in his youth, traveled to Chang'an to study, and became proficient in Shangshu. In the last year of Wang Mang, the world was in chaos. In 23 years, he and his brother Liu Yan raised an army in Chongling. In the same year, they defeated a large number with a small number in the Battle of Kunyang, defeating Wang Mang's army of more than 400,000. His elder brother Liu Yan was killed by Gengshi Emperor Liu Xuan. He endured it and was ordered to patrol Hebei to subdue the Bronze Horse and other rebels, and his power grew.
In the 25th year, he proclaimed himself emperor in Haocheng, still using "Han" as the country's name, and then established the capital in Luoyang. In the following year, he conquered Chimei, and successively defeated the separatist forces such as Longyou Weixiao and Shu Gongsunshu, and reunified the country in 36 years. He was well aware that the people had experienced wars for a long time, and he implemented "judo" to govern the country: he issued many edicts to release slaves and prohibit the cruelty of slaves, merged more than 400 counties, reduced officials, dismissed county soldiers, and ordered an inventory of cultivated land and household registrations, which was called "dutian" in history. He also enfeoffed the meritorious officials and did not let them interfere in politics. He "retired the meritorious officials and promoted them to civil servants", expanded the powers of the chancellery and strengthened the imperial power.
He also attached great importance to Confucianism, established Taixue, praised integrity, and changed the social atmosphere of Eastern Han. He did not use troops easily externally, and mainly defended against the Huns. In his later years, he was diligent in political affairs, often late at night. The Crown Prince advised him to take care of himself, and he replied, "I am happy with this and will not be tired." He died of illness in February 1957 in the front hall of the Nangong Palace in Luoyang and was buried in the original mausoleum. He reigned for thirty-two years.
Liu Xiu rebuilt the Han Dynasty after the great chaos, governed the country with judo, released slaves, provincial officials, and lightened taxes, so that society quickly recovered. He was also good at employing people, and always protected heroes. He was considered benevolent among the founding monarchs of the past dynasties. He used prophecies to demonstrate the destiny, expand the power of the Chancellery, and strengthen the imperial power; Dutian was not completed due to obstruction by powerful powerful people, and the issues of land annexation and relatives and powerful people were still left to future generations.
IITimeline
Before accession
MilitaryChongling raised troops
In the last years of Xinmang, Nanyang's powerful people raised armies one after another. Brothers Liu Yan and Liu Xiu united with the Green Forest Army and supported Liu Xuan, the clan member, as the Gengshi Emperor. Liu Xiu devoted himself to the war against Mang from then on.
MilitaryKunyang Great Victory
Wang Yi and Wang Xun led an army of more than 400,000 to besiege Kunyang, with only eight or nine thousand people in the city. Liu Xiu led 13 cavalry to break through and move troops. After returning to the division, he personally led 3,000 death squads to attack the enemy formation and killed Wang Xun. The new army was defeated and Wang Mang's main force was destroyed.
PeopleBrother Liu Yan was killed
Liu Yan's meritorious service was so great that he was tabooed by Emperor Gengshi and the generals of Green Forest, and was executed. After hearing the news, Liu Xiu rushed to Wancheng to apologize. Instead of mourning for his brother, he talked as usual. Emperor Gengshi felt ashamed and named him Marquis of Wuxin.
MilitaryNavigating Hebei
Following the orders of Emperor Gengshi, Liu Xiu patrolled Hebei on a regular basis. He first defeated the Prince of Handan and then surrendered hundreds of thousands of rebel troops including Bronze Horse, so he was named "Bronze Horse Emperor". With the assistance of Deng Yu, Geng Yan, Feng Yi and others, Hebei became his base.
During the reign · 25—57
PoliticsHacheng proclaimed himself emperor
In June, he ascended the throne as emperor in Qianqiu Pavilion in Hacheng, changed the name of Yuan Dynasty to Jianwu, and continued to use the country name of "Han". In October, he entered Luoyang and established his capital here. Because Luoyang was east of Chang'an, later generations called the Han Dynasty he founded the Eastern Han.
Lasting legacyLuoyang has become an important capital since the Eastern Han Dynasty. The ruins of the Eastern Han Luoyang City are still preserved in the eastern suburbs of Luoyang City today.
MilitaryDefeat the heroes
Starting from the 26th year, Liu Xiu successively surrendered the Red Eyebrow Army, defeated Zhang Bu in the Qingxu area, and pacified local separatist forces such as Peng Chong and Qin Feng. The Central Plains and the East gradually stabilized.
SocietyFree the slaves
During the Jianwu period, many edicts were issued, exempting those who were enslaved due to famine or plunder and selling them from the status of common people, prohibiting the killing of slaves, abolishing the law of slaves shooting and wounding people and abandoning the market, and abolishing the punishment of burning slaves.
EconomyRestore thirty tax one
An edict was issued to restore the land rent system of thirty to one tax under Emperor Jing. In the same year, more than 400 counties were merged into the province, and officials were reduced. According to historical records, "the official posts were reduced and one out of ten was replaced." Administrative expenses were greatly reduced.
PoliticsDismiss the country's soldiers
The system of captaincy and imperial examinations in prefectures and states was abolished, local standing troops were abolished, and only the defense of border counties was retained to reduce financial and labor burdens and eliminate the hidden dangers of local armed separatism.
Militarypacify Bashu
Wu Han, Cen Peng and others split their routes to attack Shu and destroyed Gongsun Shu, who claimed to be the emperor. It took more than three years. After that, Long and Shu were in peace, ending the more than ten years of separatist rule since the last years of Wang Mang.
EconomyDutian and the governor were imprisoned
In 1939, the county of Zhaozhou was ordered to verify the number of acres of cultivated land and the age of household registration. Many county governors, A Fu, were powerful and concealed acres of land, especially in Henan and Nanyang. Liu Xiu imprisoned more than ten governors and governors, and powerful people immediately rebelled in various places. The court could only deal with it by appeasement, but Du Tian could not be fully implemented.
PoliticsDepose Queen Guo and establish Queen Yin
Empress Guo fell out of favor and became resentful. She was deposed as the Empress Dowager of Zhongshan and made Yin Lihua the empress instead. In 43 years, Crown Prince Liu Qiang resigned from the throne and was granted the title of Prince of Donghai. Liu Zhuang, the son of Queen Yin, was established as Crown Prince.
MilitaryMa Yuanping Jiaozhi
Jiaozhi Zhengbi and Zheng Er sisters raised troops and captured more than sixty cities. Liu Xiu worshiped Ma Yuan as General Fubo, put down the rebellion in 43 years, and reorganized the local commanderies and counties and laws.
Lasting legacyVietnam still commemorates the Chung sisters and regards them as national heroes. There are shrines to Lady Chung in Hanoi and other places.
CultureProphecy issued
He announced the prophecies to the world and made the prophecies officially recognized as classics. He also established Lingtai, Mingtang and Piyong in Luoyang, and the Eastern Han prophecies became popular from then on.
DiplomacySeal of the Japanese Nu Kingdom
In the first month of the first month, the Japanese slave country sent an envoy to pay tribute and congratulate him. The envoy called himself a doctor and was given a seal and ribbon by Liu Xiu. According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", this is an earlier record of official communication between the Japanese archipelago and the Central Plains dynasty.
Lasting legacyIn 1784, the gold seal of "King of Han Wen slaves" was unearthed in Shiga Island, Fukuoka. It is now in the Fukuoka City Museum and is a Japanese national treasure.
PoliticsDied of illness in Luoyang
He died in the front hall of the Nangong Palace in Luoyang in February, and his decree was to keep everything simple. When he was building the Shouling Mausoleum in his early years, he requested "Wuwei Mountain Mausoleum", and the mausoleum area was only two or three hectares. Crown Prince Liu Zhuang ascended the throne and was buried in the original mausoleum.
IIIPeople of this reign
Wu Han
MilitaryWan, a native of Nanyang, was a simple man, with Shen Yi and few words. Liu Xiu called him "unsatisfactory". From Hebei to Pingshu, he often served as the main force in battles. He rose to the rank of Grand Sima and was granted the title of Marquis of Guangping.
Ma Yuan
MilitaryA native of Maoling, Fufeng, he first defected to Kuaixiao, then returned to Liu Xiu, where he leveled Longyou and settled in Jiaozhi. At the age of 62, he still asked for a tassel to go south to conquer the Wuling barbarians, and died of illness in the army. His heroic words of "Wrapping his body in horse leather" were passed down to future generations.
Geng Yan
MilitaryA native of Shanggu, few had great ambitions. He moved to Hebei to assist Liu Xiu, and in 26 he led an army to attack and destroy Zhang Bu, who was occupying Qingzhou. Liu Xiu praised him as a model of "where there is a will, there is a way."
Yin Lihua
ConsortsLiu Xiu, a native of Nanyang, was known as "Yin Lihua" when he was young. She was humble and did not fight for favor. After being established as queen, she often persuaded her maternal family to suppress her family, and the atmosphere in the harem was relatively pure.
Hou Ba
PoliticsA native of Mi County, Henan, he was familiar with the old Western Han system. He became a minister in 25 AD and later served as Shangshu Ling. In the 5th year of Jianwu (29 AD), he worshiped the Grand Situ and compiled the court regulations and systems based on the Western Han rules.