Dynasties of ChinaEastern HanEastern Han lineage
Jianning and others · Reign 168—189
The vassal king succeeded him, favored the eunuchs, sold his officials and won titles, the party was revived, the Yellow Turbans broke out, and the Eastern Han collapsed.
Liu Hong is the great-great-grandson of Emperor Zhang and the son of Liu Chang, Marquis of Jieduting. He ascended the throne at the age of three and his family status is not prominent. Emperor Huan died childless in 167, and Doutaihou and Dou Wu welcomed him to the capital at the age of twelve to succeed him. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, Dou Wu and Chen Fan plotted to kill the eunuchs. After the incident was revealed, they were executed by the eunuchs Cao Jie and Wang Fu in a coup in 168. Doutaihou was placed under house arrest in Nangong, and the eunuchs returned to power. In the second disaster of party imprisonment in 169, more than 100 people including Li Ying and Fan Pang died in prison, and as many as 600 to 700 people were implicated.
Emperor Ling favored the eunuchs Zhang Rang, Zhao Zhong, etc., and once said, "Zhang Changshi is my father-in-law, and Zhao Changshi is my mother." In 178, the West Residence was set up, and officials were publicly sold at a price of 2,000 shi for 20 million yuan. The governors and governors all bought officials, and they also increased the land tax and built palaces, making the people even more miserable. During this period, he established the Hongdu School, carved Xiping Stone Scriptures, and still made contributions to cultural education.
In 184, Zhang Jiao led the Yellow Turban Uprising, which spread throughout the country within a few months. Emperor Ling was forced to grant amnesty to the party members and granted the prefectures and counties the right to recruit troops. He Jin, Huangfu Song, Zhu Jun and others led troops to suppress it. In 1888, the Prefecture Mu was established, and important ministers were sent out of the town, which led to the Prefectural Mu's support and self-respect. In the same year, the Eighth School Lieutenant of Xiyuan was established to strengthen the central military power. In April 189, Emperor Ling died of illness in the Jiade Hall of Nangong at the age of thirty-four. He Jin welcomed the prince Liu Bian, and the world was in chaos.
When Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty came to the throne, Eastern Han had already suffered from serious problems. Instead of trying to reverse it, he allowed the eunuchs to monopolize power, openly sold off officials to amass money, increased taxes and built palaces, which led to the corruption of officials and the people's livelihood, which finally triggered the Yellow Turban Rebellion. He established the Hongdu School and carved the Xiping Stone Scripture, which objectively promoted the development of culture. However, the establishment of state animal husbandry led to local warlord separatism and accelerated the collapse of Eastern Han. Later generations regard him as the person directly responsible for the demise of the Eastern Han.
PoliticsAscended to the throne at the age of twelve
Emperor Huan died, Doutaihou and Dou Wu discussed, and the twelve-year-old Liu Hong, the great-grandson of King Xiao in Hejian, came to the throne. Doutaihourule as regent, Dou Wu as the general, Chen Fan as the Taifu, and jointly recorded the secretarial affairs.
PoliticsDou WuChen Fan was killed
Dou Wu and Chen Fan planned to kill the eunuchs, but the plan was leaked. The eunuchs Cao Jie and Wang Fu held Emperor Ling hostage, and Jiao Zhao sent troops to counterattack. Dou Wu committed suicide, Chen Fan was killed, Doutaihou was moved to Nangong, and the eunuch forces regained power.
PoliticsThe Second Disaster of Party Confinement
The eunuch Cao Jie and others took advantage of Li Ying's case to revive the party prison. More than a hundred people, including Li Ying, Du Mi, and Fan Pang, died in prison. Six to seven hundred people were exiled, imprisoned, or imprisoned. Almost all celebrities in the world were wiped out.
CultureCarved Xiping Stone Scripture
Cai Yong, together with Tang Xidian, Yang Ci and others, asked Cai Yong to write the text of the Six Classics himself, and the craftsmen would carve it on a stone tablet and set it up outside the gate of Luoyang Taixue. It took nine years to complete, and more than a thousand cars were used to watch the copyists.
Lasting legacyThe Xiping Stone Scripture is China's earliest official carved stone of Confucian classics. The remaining stones are now stored in museums in Xi'an Forest of Steles, Luoyang and other places.
CultureHongdu Menxue
Emperor Ling set up a school in Hongdumen, Luoyang, and recruited scholars who were good at poetry, calligraphy and painting. There were as many as a thousand students. It was regarded as the earliest literary and art college in China. However, most of the enrollees were recommended by eunuchs and were despised by scholar-bureaucrats.
EconomySelling an official position in the West Residence
Emperor Ling set up a residence in Xiyuan and sold officials at public prices. The official price was 20 million yuan for 2,000 shi, and 4 million yuan for 400 shi. After taking office, the officials who bought the officials doubled their exploitation of the people, and the officials' governance deteriorated.
CultureTranslated by Zhilou Jiaxie
The Yuezhi monk Zhilou Jiaxie translated the Mahayana Buddhist scriptures such as "Tao Xing Prajna Sutra" in Luoyang, which introduced the Mahayana Prajna doctrine to the Han Dynasty and had a profound impact on the combination of metaphysics and Buddhism in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Lasting legacyThe "Tao Xing Prajna Sutra" translated by Zhiluo Jiaxie is still preserved in the Chinese Tripitaka and is one of the earliest Chinese translations of the Mahayana Buddhist scriptures.
MilitaryYellow Turban Rebellion
Zhang Jiao organized thirty-six followers of the Taiping Dao, shouting "Heaven is dead, Huang Tian is here to stand", and they started an uprising with their heads wrapped in yellow scarves, which spread to eight states within a few months. The imperial court appointed He Jin as the general and sent Huangfu Song, Zhu Jun, Lu Zhi and others to suppress it. The main force was defeated and Zhang Jiao died of illness.
PoliticsLift party ban
After the Yellow Turban Rebellion, Lu Qiang, the Standing Attendant of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, advised Emperor Ling to pardon party members to prevent them from joining the Yellow Turbans. Emperor Ling accepted the offer and granted amnesty to the whole country. The party's imprisonment was lifted, and the scholars who had been imprisoned for more than ten years returned to serve as officials.
EconomyIncrease tax by ten yuan per mu
In the second year of Zhongping, there was a fire in the Nangong Palace. Emperor Ling ordered the land in the world to increase taxes by 10 yuan to build the palace. He also ordered the states and counties to transport wood and stone. The eunuchs deliberately lowered the price of wood, so that officials could not deliver it on time and the people suffered a heavier burden.
PoliticsSet up state animal husbandry
Liu Yan, Taichang, suggested changing the title of governor to prefectural governor, selecting famous officials from the Qing Dynasty to serve as governors, and granting him military and political power. Emperor Ling then appointed Liu Yan as the pastor of Yizhou and Liu Yu as the pastor of Youzhou. The state pastors supported their troops and respected themselves, which later became the basis for the separatist rule among the heroes.
MilitaryLieutenant of the Eighth School of Xiyuan
In order to compete with the general He Jin, Emperor Ling established the Eighth School Lieutenant of Xiyuan, with the eunuch Jian Shuo as the top military school captain, and commanded the remaining seven lieutenants, including Cao Cao, Yuan Shao and others. Cao Cao has since emerged on the political stage.
PoliticsWen Ling died of illness
In April, Emperor Ling died of illness in Jiade Hall at the age of thirty-four. He originally wanted to establish his beloved son Liu Xie, but before the announcement was made, He Jin welcomed the prince Liu Bian and Hetaihou came to the court. The conflict between his relative He and the eunuchs soon broke out. Buried in Wenling.
A native of Pingling in Fufeng, the father of Douhuanghou, he worked with Chen Fan to assist the government and appointed Li Ying and other party members. Their plan to kill the eunuchs failed, and he was defeated and committed suicide in 168.
Nanyang Xinye, the leader of the eunuchs, launched a coup in 168 to kill Dou Wu and Chen Fan, and also used party prisons to persecute scholars. He had power over the government and the public. At the time of his death, he was promoted to a chariot and cavalry general.
A native of Chenliuyu, he was well versed in classics, history, music, and calligraphy. In 175, he took charge of editing the text of the Six Classics, and engraved the calligraphy tablets into the Xiping Stone Classic. He was exiled for offending the eunuchs and was later requisitioned by Dong Zhuo. After Dong Zhuo's death, he was imprisoned by Wang Yun for sighing and died.
The Julu people founded Taiping Taoism and used Fu Shui to cure diseases and preach. In more than ten years, there were hundreds of thousands of believers. In 184, they launched the Yellow Turban Uprising and called themselves General Tiangong. He died of illness in the same year.
He was a general from the Anding Dynasty. He led his army to suppress the Yellow Turbans in 184, defeated Zhang Liang and Zhang Bao in Guangzong and Xiaquyang, and was granted the title of Marquis of Huaili. He was the most important general who suppressed rebellion during the Emperor Ling period.
A native of Nanyang Wan, Hehuanghou's half-brother, he was born a butcher. In 184, he served as a general to suppress the Yellow Turbans. After the death of Emperor Ling, he supported the Young Emperor and planned to kill the eunuchs, but was killed by Zhang Rang and others.
When you were conquering the Qiang people in Runan, when you were young, you "boarded the chariot and picked up the bridle, and you had the ambition to clarify the world." He was imprisoned by the Party twice and went to prison on his own initiative and was killed. His mother told him, "Since you have a royal title, if you seek longevity exams again, you can have both."
A native of Jingling, Jiangxia, a clan member of the Han Dynasty, in 1888 he proposed to establish a state pastor and served as Yizhou pastor. After entering Shu, he separatized one side, which started the situation where Liu Zhang and Liu Bei successively occupied Shu.