Dynasties of ChinaEastern JinEastern Jin lineage
Jianwu and others · Reign 317—322
The Zhongxing Jin Dynasty in Jiangdong was controlled by the clan, and the Langya Wang family was relied heavily on, and the clan politics of "the king and the horse shared the world" began.
Sima Rui was named Jingwen, the great-grandson of Sima Yi and the son of King Gong Sima Jin of Langya. In 290, he attacked and became the king of Langya. During the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, he relied on the Prince of Donghai Sima Yue. In 307, he was appointed General Anton, supervising the military forces south of Yangzhou and guarding Jianye. With the assistance of Wang Dao, he contacted Gu Rong, He Xun and other Jiangdong nobles to stabilize the situation. The northern scholars heard the news and crossed to the south. Sima Rui established the "Hundred and Sixth Division", appointed famous scholars from the north and people from Jiangdong, and eventually became the master of the left side of the river.
In 316, Emperor Min surrendered. In March 317, Sima Rui proclaimed himself the King of Jin in Jiankang. In March 318, he learned that Emperor Min had been killed and became the emperor. He changed the name to Taixing in Yuan Dynasty and became Eastern Jin Emperor Yuan. He re-employed the Langya Wang family, Wang Dao presided over government affairs, and Wang Dun controlled the military power in the upper reaches. As the saying goes, "the king and his horse share the world." In his later years, Emperor Yuan appointed Liu Kui and Diao Xie to suppress the Wang family, which led to Wang Dun launching an army to invade Jiankang in 322 in the name of killing Liu Kui. Emperor Yuan was controlled by others and became ill from worry and anger. He died in leap November of the same year at the age of forty-seven.
Sima Rui rebuilt the Jin Dynasty in Jiangdong with a branch of the clan, which allowed the continuation of Chinese orthodoxy, prevented all northern scholars from falling under the rule of the Hu people, and laid the foundation for the development of Jiangnan. However, at the beginning of the founding of the country, he relied entirely on the support of the Langya Wang family and the Jiangdong gentry. His imperial power was inherently insufficient. In his later years, his attempts to suppress the Wang family triggered the Wang Dun Rebellion, and he finally died in sorrow and anger. The pattern of "king and horse sharing the world" thus became the beginning of a century of clan politics in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
PeopleGuard Jianye
Prince of Donghai Sima Yue appointed Langya King Sima Rui as General Andong, supervising the military affairs in Yangzhou and Jiangnan, and establishing Ye. Wang Dao accompanied him and gave him advice. Wang Dun also served as the governor of Yangzhou, and the Wang family of Langya became one with him from then on.
PoliticsWang Dao win over Jiangdong gentry
When Sima Rui first arrived in Jiangdong, the local nobles were hesitant to move forward. In the third month of the third month, when he was watching the typhoon, he traveled in a carriage, accompanied by Wang Dao, Wang Dun and other northern celebrities on horseback. He was very majestic. When Gu Rong, Ji Zhan and others saw him, they bowed to Daozuo, and the Jiangdong gentry attached themselves to him.
SocietyDressed in clothes and traveling to the south
Luoyang and Chang'an fell one after another, and a large number of northern gentry and common people crossed the Yangtze River and went south to defect to Langya King Sima Rui. The southward migration of the population brought labor and technology, and also changed the population structure of Jiangnan. As a result, the south gradually caught up with the north.
PoliticsConferred the title of Prime Minister Zuo
Emperor Min issued an edict in Chang'an, appointing Sima Rui as Prime Minister of the Left and Commander-in-Chief of Shaanxi Province, and ordered him to send troops to rescue. Sima Rui did not station troops and was only based in Jiangdong. He used this status to become the leader of the alliance among the princes.
PoliticsHe was called the King of Jin and set up a hundred and six households.
In March, Sima Rui was proclaimed King of Jin, changed the Yuan Dynasty to Jianwu, and set up hundreds of officials. He also recruited 106 famous people from the north and talents from Jiangdong as vassals, known as "Hundred 16 vassals", to expand the basis of rule and stabilize the political power.
Science & technology"Baopuzi" by Ge Hong
Baopuzi was written by Hong, a poet in Jurong, Danyang. The inner chapters discuss magical prescriptions and alchemy techniques, while the outer chapters discuss gains and losses in the world. It is an important work on the study of early Taoism and ancient chemistry. He also wrote "Emergency Prescriptions for Elbows".
Lasting legacy"Emergency Prescription" records the use of artemisia annua juice to treat malaria. Tu Youyou was inspired by it when developing artemisinin, and won the 2015 Nobel Prize for it.
SocietyOverseas Chinese set up prefectures and counties
In order to resettle the refugees who migrated to the south, the imperial court established Qiaozhou, Qiaojun, and Qiaoxian in the south of the Yangtze River in the name of the old places in the north. The overseas Chinese established a separate household registration, called "Baiji", and could be transferred without rent. This system allowed the northern gentry to maintain their origin status and also increased the local tax burden.
PoliticsJiankang proclaimed himself emperor
In March, I learned that Emperor Min was killed in Pingyang, and Sima Rui ascended the throne as emperor. He changed the Yuan Dynasty to Taixing and continued the Jin Dynasty, which was called Eastern Jin in history. Jianye was renamed Jiankang to avoid the taboo of Emperor MinSima Ye, and Jiankang became the capital for more than a hundred years.
Lasting legacyToday's Nanjing is known as the "ancient capital of the Six Dynasties" because Sun Wu, Eastern Jin and Southern Song, Qi, Liang and Chen successively established their capitals here. The name Jiankang was also used until the end of the Southern Dynasties.
PoliticsThe king and the horse share the world
At the ceremony of proclaiming himself emperor, Emperor Yuan repeatedly pulled Wang Dao to sit on the imperial bed with him, but Wang Dao refused. Langya's Wang family was a noble family, with Wang Dao ruling in the middle and Wang Dun holding military power in the upper reaches. At that time, it was said that "the king and the horse share the world."
Lasting legacyLiu Yuxi's "Woyi Alley" "The Yan in front of Wang Xietang in the old days" has been recited for thousands of years. The name of Wuyi Alley is still known by the Qinhuai River in Nanjing.
CultureSet up a historian and establish Imperial College
After becoming emperor, he appointed historians, and Qian Bao and others compiled the history of the country. He also established Imperial College and Ph.D.s to continue the culture and education of Western Jin. Qian Bao wrote the strange novel "Sou Shen Ji" based on folk rumors.
Lasting legacyStories such as "Mo Xie" and "Li Ji Killing a Snake" in "Sou Shen Ji" have been passed down to this day. The original book has been lost and the current version has been compiled by posterity.
MilitaryTwo Zhaos stand side by side
Liu Yao moved the capital to Chang'an and changed the country's name to Zhao, which was called Former Zhao in history; Shi Lei called himself King Zhao in Xiangguo, and was called Later Zhao in history. A confrontation between the two Zhaos formed in the north, and the external situation of the Jin army's Northern Expedition became increasingly complex.
PeopleZu Ti died of illness due to worry and anger
Zu Ti regained a large area of land south of the Yellow River in Yuzhou, but Emperor Yuan only gave him food and wages for a thousand people, three thousand pieces of cloth, and no soldiers and armor. He also sent Dai Yuan to control him. Seeing the suspicion of the court, Zu Ti became ill from worry and anger. He died of illness in Yongqiu. Yuzhou was gained and lost again.
PoliticsDiao Xie with Liu Kui
Emperor Yuan was afraid of the power of the Wang family and appointed Liu Kui as Yushi Zhongcheng and Diao Xie as Shangshuling in an attempt to weaken Wang Dun. He also sent Dai Yuan and Liu Kui out of Huaiyin and Hefei in what was called the Northern Expedition. In fact, they were on guard against Wang Dun, which aroused Wang Dun's strong dissatisfaction.
MilitaryWang Dun attacks Jiankang
In the name of killing Liu Kui, Wang Dun led his troops eastward from Wuchang, invaded Stone City, killed Zhou Yi and Dai Yuan, Diao Xie died in battle, and Liu Kui fled to Hou Zhao. Emperor Yuan was forced to compromise and issued an edict praising Wang Dun and appointing him prime minister. From then on, the imperial power declined further.
PoliticsCollapse of worry and anger
In leap November, Emperor Yuan died of illness in grief and anger at the age of 47. He was buried in Pingling Tomb and Crown Prince Sima Shao succeeded him. He built the country from a weak position throughout his life, and before his death, he could not personally punish powerful officials.
The Langya Wang family persuaded Sima Rui to move to the town and build Ye, contact the gentry in the south of the Yangtze River, resettle the overseas Chinese from the north, and lay the foundation for the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The three emperors of the Yuan, Ming, and Cheng dynasties stabilized Jiangdong by "suppressing it with tranquility."
Wang Dao's cousin married Princess Xiangcheng, the daughter of Emperor Wu, and served as the governor of Yangzhou and Jingzhou. He commanded heavy troops in the upper reaches and made great contributions in suppressing the rebellions in Jiangzhou and Jingzhou. In 322, he raised an army and invaded Jiankang, wielding power in both the government and the opposition. When he raised another army in 324, he died of illness in the army.
Few people have great ambitions, and they dance when they hear the chicken. In 313, he led his troops across the Yangtze River to the north, trained troops in the fields of Yuzhou, and recovered a large area of land south of the Yellow River, so that Shi Lei did not dare to invade south. He died of illness due to the suspicion of the court.
A native of Pengcheng, a trusted minister of Emperor Yuan, he was famous for his ability to impeach powerful people and was not afraid of strong imperialism. He advocated restraining the Wang family. Wang Dun was defeated after raising his army, and Zhao Shi Lei fled.
The Runan Zhou family was a famous scholar. He was arrogant after drinking, but he was able to speak his mind. After Wang Dun invaded Jiankang, Zhou Yi refused to surrender and was killed by Wang Dun. He still cursed Wang Dun before he died.
Wenxi, a man from Hedong, was erudite and talented, and was good at divination with five elements. His "Poems on Traveling Immortals" is a masterpiece in the Eastern Jin metaphysical poetry trend, and he also annotated "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" and "Erya". He was killed for discouraging Wang Dun from rebelling.
Called himself Baopuzi, he wrote "Baopuzi" to summarize the magical formulas and alchemy, and also wrote "Emergency Prescriptions". He once performed meritorious service in quelling the Shi Bing Rebellion, and later lived in seclusion in Luofu Mountain to refine elixirs.