Dynasties of ChinaSouthern SongSouthern Song lineage
Deyou · Reign 1274—1276
The subjugated king who came to the throne at the age of four and surrendered at the age of six was taken to Dadu, and later went to Tibet to study Buddhism and translate scriptures. He was allowed to die in Hexi in his later years.
Zhao Xian is the legitimate son of Duzong and his mother is Queen Quan. Duzong died of illness in 1274, and he was elected to the throne at the age of four. The following year, he was renamed Yuan Deyou, and his grandmother, the Empress Dowager Xie Daoqing, governed behind the scenes. At this time, the Yuan army had broken through Xiangfan, and Bo Yan led his army eastward along the river. In 1275, Governor Jia Shidao was defeated in Dingjiazhou. Prefectures and counties along the Yangtze River were demoted one after another. Wen Tianxiang and Zhang Shijie raised troops to serve the king, but they were unable to save their lives. In the first month of 1276, the Empress Dowager Xie surrendered after receiving the imperial seal and surrender form. In February, the Yuan army entered Lin'an, and Emperor Gong was then escorted to the north.
Kublai Khan named him Duke of Ying. In 1288, he was ordered to go to Tubo Sakya to study Buddhism. He became a monk with the name He Zun. He was proficient in Tibetan and once translated Chinese Buddhist scriptures into Tibetan. In 1323, he was ordered to die by Yuan Yingzong in Hexi. He was fifty-three years old. According to legend, he was convicted for writing poems to express his thoughts about his homeland.
PoliticsAscended to the throne at the age of four
In July, Duzong died of illness. Jia Shidao and others supported his legitimate son Zhao Xian to ascend the throne. The following year, he was replaced by Yuan Deyou, and the Empress Dowager Xie Daoqing listened behind the curtain. In September, Bo Yan, commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army, led his army from Xiangyang and advanced by land and water.
MilitaryThe defeat of Dingjiazhou
In February, Jia Shidao led more than 100,000 elite troops to face the Yuan army at Dingjiazhou near Wuhu. After the forward failed, the entire army collapsed, and the Yuan army took advantage of the situation to capture Jiankang and other places. Jia Shidao was dismissed from office and demoted. In September, he was killed by the prison officer Zheng Huchen in Mu Mian'an, Zhangzhou.
PeopleWen Tianxiang Qinwang
The imperial court issued an order to the Qin kings from all over the country. Wen Tianxiang, the magistrate of Ganzhou, sold his property as military expenses and recruited more than 10,000 people to Lin'an. Zhang Shijie and others also led troops into the defense, but the troops of Qinwang in each group were limited and it was difficult to reverse the situation of the war.
MilitaryBattle of Changzhou
In November, Bo Yan personally led the Yuan army to besiege Changzhou. The defenders Yao Min and Chen Zhen held Bujiang. After the city was defeated, the Yuan army massacred the city. The resistance and tragedy in Changzhou shocked the south of the Yangtze River, and the door to Lin'an was immediately opened.
PoliticsLin'an departure and surrender
In the first month of the first month, the Empress Dowager Xie sent an envoy to present the imperial seal and surrender form to Bo Yan. In the second month, the Yuan army entered Lin'an. In March, Emperor Gong, Queen Mother Quan and others were taken to the north. In May, they met Kublai Khan in Shangdu and were granted the title of Duke of Ying.
CultureEntering Tibet to study Buddhism
Under the order of the Yuan Dynasty, he went to Tubo Sakya to study Buddhism. After that, he became a monk with the name of Hezun. He was proficient in Tibetan, and it is said that he had translated Buddhist scriptures such as "Into the Right Theory of Understanding" into Tibetan, and was quite famous in Tibet.
PeopleGive death to Hexi
According to "Yingzong Ji of the Yuan Dynasty", in April of this year, Yuan Yingzong ordered that "the Duke of Ying State, He Zun, died in Hexi." According to legend, he was convicted because he wrote the poem "Congratulations to Lin Hejing, how many times the plum blossoms bloomed." He was considered to have cherished his motherland.
Queen Lizong. After the Emperor Gong came to the throne, he listened to the government from behind the curtain as the Empress Dowager. When the situation was critical, he issued an edict to King Qin. Finally, he surrendered and was taken to the north. He died a few years later.
A member of the Eight Neighbor Tribes of Mongolia, he served as the commander of the Yuan army in 1274 and went south to attack the Song Dynasty. He crossed the Yangtze River and defeated Dingjiazhou and fell into Changzhou. In 1276, he entered Lin'an and surrendered to the Southern Song Dynasty.
In 1275, he raised troops to serve as King Qin, and was appointed Prime Minister of the Right the following year. He was detained when he was on an envoy to the Yuan camp for negotiations. He escaped in Zhenjiang on the way north and moved south to continue fighting against the Yuan Dynasty.