Dynasties of ChinaThree KingdomsCao Wei
Zhengshi · Jiaping · Reign 239—254
The adopted son of Emperor Ming, who came to the throne at the age of eight, experienced Cao Shuang's dictatorship and the Gaopingling Revolution, and was finally deposed by Sima Shi.
Cao Fang, courtesy name Lanqing, was the adopted son of Wei Emperor Ming. "Three Kingdoms" stated that his origin was "a secret of the palace affairs, and no one knows its origin." One theory is that he was the son of Cao Kai, the king of Rencheng. In 235, he was granted the title of King Qi. On his deathbed in 239, Emperor Ming appointed him as the Crown Prince. He ascended the throne on that day and was jointly assisted by Cao Shuang and Sima Yi. During the Zhengshi period, Cao Shuang was in power. In 249, Sima Yi launched the Gaoping Ling Incident to annihilate the Cao Shuang group, and the government returned to the Sima family. From then on, Cao Fang was just like a puppet. He was deposed by Sima Shi in the name of dissoluteness in 254, but he was still King Qi. After the establishment of Western Jin, he was granted the title of Shaoling County Duke and died in 274.
PoliticsAscended to the throne at the age of eight
Emperor Ming died of illness in the first month, and Cao Fang ascended the throne. General Cao Shuang and Taiwei Sima Yi jointly assisted the government. Soon Cao Shuang respected Sima Yi as Taifu, promoted him openly and secretly, and took back the power of ministerial affairs to himself.
CultureZhengshi Xuanfeng
He Yan, Wang Bi and others used "Laozi" and "Book of Changes" to elaborate on the principles and put forward the idea of "taking nothingness as the basis". Famous scholars used clear talk to respect each other, which was called "the sound of Zhengshi" in history. This was the rise of metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
EconomyFarming in Huainan and Huaibei
Adopting Deng Ai's suggestion, a Guangcao canal was dug to divert water for irrigation and water transportation in Daxing Juntun on the N & S of the Huaihe River. After that, if something happened in the southeast, the army could go straight down to the Jianghuai River by boat. There would be enough food along the way, which would lay the foundation for the future expedition against Wu.
MilitaryCao Shuang failed in his expedition to Shu
In order to establish his prestige, Cao Shuang led an army of more than 100,000 troops to attack Shu through Luo Valley, but was blocked by Shu general Wang Ping at Xingshi Mountain. The grain transportation was not continued. A large number of cattle, horses, mules and donkeys transported died, and they retreated in embarrassment. Guanzhong was wasted.
MilitaryGuan Qiujian conquered Goguryeo
Guan Qiujian, the governor of Youzhou, conquered Goguryeo twice and captured Wandu, the capital of Goguryeo. Goguryeo's throne palace fled. The Wei army pursued them all the way to the east of Woju, carved stones to commemorate their achievements, and then returned.
Lasting legacyThe remaining stone monument of Guan Qiujian was unearthed in 1904 in Ji'an, today's Jilin Province, and is now in the Liaoning Provincial Museum.
PoliticsSima Yi complains of illness
Cao Shuang followed the advice of He Yan, Deng Yang and others and moved Queen Mother Guo to Yongning Palace to specialize in government affairs and change laws. Sima Yi was at odds with him, claiming that he was ill and would no longer go to court, secretly waiting for the opportunity.
PoliticsIncident of Gaopingling
In the first month of the first month, brothers Cao Fang and Cao Shuang went out of the city to visit the Emperor Ming Gaoping Mausoleum. Sima followed the Queen Mother's order to close the gates of Luoyang City, occupy the arsenal, and file a memorial to remove Cao Shuang. After Cao Shuang handed over his military power, he was still accused of treason and He Yan and others were executed by the three tribes.
PoliticsWang Ling's Rebellion
Taiwei Wang Ling planned to make Chu King Cao Biao emperor in Shouchun, but the matter was revealed. Sima Yi led his army to a surprise attack, Wang Ling committed suicide, and Cao Biao was sentenced to death. Sima Yi died of illness in August of the same year, and his eldest son Sima Shi succeeded him in charge of the government.
MilitaryThe battle between Dongxing and Xincheng
In 252, the Wei army was defeated by Wu Taifu Zhuge Ke in Dongxing. The following year, Zhuge Ke led an army to besiege Hefei Xincheng. The defender Zhang Te held on for several months, but the Wu army retreated due to the epidemic.
PoliticsDeposed as King Qi
Zhongshu ordered Li Feng, together with the famous scholar Xia Houxuan, and the queen's father Zhang Jimou to replace Sima Shi with Xia Houxuan. The incident was revealed and he was killed, and Zhanghuangzhou was also deposed. In September Sima Shi, according to the order of the Queen Mother, Cao Fang was deposed as King Qi and moved to Hanoi.
Cao Zhen's son, Emperor Ming, was appointed to assist the government before his death. He appointed He Yan, Deng Yang, Ding Mi and others to exclude Sima Yi, specializing in government affairs and living a luxurious life. He hesitated during the Gaoping Ling Incident and surrendered his military power before being executed by the three clans.
The grandson of General He Jin of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he grew up in Cao Cao's mansion with his mother when he was young. During the Zhengshi period, he served as Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and jointly promoted metaphysics with Wang Bi. The Analects of Confucius compiled by him is the earliest complete annotated version of The Analects. He was killed after the Gaopingling Incident.
The son of Cao Shuang's aunt, he was very famous during the Zhengshi period. He proposed reforming the nine-level Zhongzheng system and streamlining the local administrative hierarchy. Cao Shuang lost power after being executed. In 254, he was implicated in Li Feng's conspiracy and was killed. His expression remained unchanged before his execution.
Hedong hears the happy people, and the Emperor Ming is an old minister. Beginning in 244, he conquered Goguryeo twice. After Cao Fang was deposed, he and Wen Qin launched an army to attack Sima Shi in Shouchun in 255, but were defeated and killed.