Dynasties of ChinaWestern XiaWestern Xia lineage
Tianyizhiping and others · Reign 1086—1139
He ascended the throne at the age of three. After taking office, he suppressed his relatives and established Chinese studies. When the Liao Dynasty fell and the Jin Dynasty was rising, he turned to the Jin Dynasty and reigned for fifty-three years.
Li Qianshun is the eldest son of Huizong. His mother Liang is the daughter of Liang Yimai and is known as Xiaoliangtaihou in history. He ascended the throne at the age of three in 1086, with Xiaoliangtaihou as regent and his uncle Liang Qibu as prime minister. In 1094, Xiaoliangtaihou killed Liang Qibu, and then personally led troops to attack the Song Dynasty for several years. In 1098, he was defeated in Pingxia City, and the Song army took advantage of the situation to advance. In 1099, Liao Dynasty sent an envoy to poison Xiaoliangtaihou. Sixteen-year-old Qian Shun took charge of the government personally and immediately apologized to Song Dynasty and asked for peace.
After taking office, he rectified the civil service and restricted the privileges of the nobility. In 1101, he established Chinese studies and promoted Confucianism. He also married Princess Cheng'an and relied on Liao for support. In 1119, his younger brother Cha Ge defeated the Song army in Tong'an City. When Jin Xing and Liao fell, he once sent troops to rescue Liao. Seeing that the situation was over, he turned to Jin and professed his vassalship in 1124 to preserve his territory. In his later years, he appointed Ren Dejing, a descendant of the Song Dynasty, and admitted his daughter into the palace, paving the way for the future monopoly of his relatives. Died of illness in 1139 at the age of fifty-seven.
PoliticsAscended to the throne at the age of three
Huizong died of illness, and Qian Shun, who was three years old, came to the throne and adopted the era name Tianyi to Zhiping. Xiaoliangtaihou served as regent, and his brother Liang Qibu served as prime minister. Liang's relatives continued to control the government.
PoliticsKill Liang Qibu
Liang Qibu was domineering, competed with Xiaoliangtaihou for power, and had the intention of usurping him. He was executed by the Queen Mother and his ministers, and his clan was destroyed.
MilitaryDefeat Jinming Village
Xiaoliangtaihou and Qian Shun personally led an army to attack Yanzhou of the Song Dynasty and broke through the Jinming Village. Almost all the defenders died in the battle, and the northwest border defense of the Song Dynasty was shaken.
MilitaryThe defeat of Pingxia City
Xiaoliangtaihou personally led an army to besiege the newly built Pingxia City in the Song Dynasty for more than ten days. He could not attack the city, but encountered strong winds and retreated back. The following year, the Song army attacked Tiandu Mountain and captured Weiming Ami and others of the Western Xia unified army.
PoliticsQian Shun is in charge
Liao dynasty was dissatisfied with Xiaoliangtaihou's repeated provocation of war and sent envoys to poison him. The sixteen-year-old Qian Shun took charge of the government and apologized to the Song Dynasty. The two sides negotiated a peace and the border was temporarily stable.
CultureEstablish Chinese Studies
In addition to Fan studies, another Chinese study was established to teach Chinese studies. Three hundred children of aristocrats were selected to enroll in the school, and the government provided food for the people in order to promote Confucianism, cultivate talents, and suppress the martial aristocrats.
DiplomacyMarry Princess Chengan
After proposing to Liao many times, Liao Emperor Tianzuo named Princess Cheng'an as the clan's daughter Nanxian and married Qianshun. Western Xia used this to consolidate its alliance with the Liao Dynasty to counter the Song Dynasty's offensive in the Hengshan and Hehuang areas.
MilitaryBattle of Tong'an City
Song general Liu Fa went deep into Western Xia on Tong Guan's order. In Tong'an City, he was surrounded by an army led by Qian Shun's brother Jin Wang Cha Ge. The Song army was defeated and Liu Fa fell off a cliff and was killed.
DiplomacyAbandon Liao and attach gold
When the Jin army attacked Liao, Qianshun once sent troops to rescue Liao, but was defeated by the Jin army. Seeing that the Liao dynasty was over, he sent an envoy to Jin in 1124 to proclaim himself a vassal. Jin dynasty ceded part of the Liao land to Western Xia, and Xia and Jin had a long-term reconciliation.
PeopleChongzong died of illness
He died of illness in June at the age of fifty-seven and reigned for fifty-three years. His son Renxiao ascended the throne, and Ren Dejing gradually assumed power as the father of the empress dowager.
The daughter of Liang Yimai and the biological mother of Chongzong. During his more than ten years as regent, he killed his brother Liang Qibu and personally led the army to attack the Song Dynasty many times. In 1099, he was poisoned by envoys sent by Liao Dynasty.
The son of Liang Yimai and the brother of Xiaoliangtaihou. Chongzong served as the prime minister in his early years, specialized in government affairs, and attacked the Song Dynasty many times. In 1094, he was executed for treason.
Chongzong's younger brother, a famous general in the late Western Xia Dynasty, was named King of Jin and held military power for a long time. In 1119, he defeated the Song general Liu Fa in Tong'an City and remained in high positions in the Renzong Dynasty ever since.
Originally a judge of Xi'an Prefecture in the Northern Song Dynasty, in 1137, during the fall of summer, he presented his daughter to the palace, and her daughter was later established as queen. He gradually came to power through his identity as a foreign relative and specialized in government affairs during the Renzong Dynasty.