Dynasties of ChinaYuan dynastyYuan dynasty lineage
1229—1241
Cheng Jisihan's designated successor destroyed Jin, established Helin, launched his eldest son's Western Expedition, and appointed Yelü Chucai to initially establish rule over the Central Plains.
Ögedei Khan is the third son of Cheng Jisihan, his mother is Bei Ertie. He has a generous temperament and is good at conciliation. He was designated as the heir by his father before the Western Expedition. Cheng Jisihan died in 1227, and his younger brother Tuo Lei supervised the country. In 1229, the Khuliltai Conference officially elected him as the Great Khan. He appointed Yelü Chucai to rectify the taxation of the Central Plains. In 1231, he divided his troops into three groups to attack the Jin Dynasty. In 1234, he joined forces with the Song Dynasty to destroy the Jin Dynasty.
After that, he built Haraholin City in Mobei as his capital, set up many post stations, and sent Ba Dou, Su Butai and others to lead the eldest sons of the kings to march westward, reaching Central Europe. At the same time, he went south to attack the Song Dynasty and provoked the Song-Mongolian war. In his later years, he was addicted to alcohol and died in November 1241 after a hunting and banquet. The queen was named Naima Zhen, and the throne remained vacant for several years.
PoliticsThat is sweat position
He was elected as the Great Khan at the Khuliltai Conference on the banks of the Kerulen River. According to records, he repeatedly gave in and only ascended the throne with the support of the kings, and reiterated the appointment of Zhasa appointed by Cheng Jisihan.
Economy10th tax collection station established
Close ministers such as Biedie advocated expelling all Han people and turning farmland into pasture. Yelü Chucai advocated the benefits of tax collection, and Ögedei Khan adopted his suggestion and set up ten tax collection offices in the Central Plains, appointing Confucian scholars to preside over them.
PeopleYelü Chucai appointed Zhongshu Ling
The Shilu Taxation Office collected 500,000 taels of silver, 80,000 bolts of silk, and more than 400,000 shi of millet in one year. Ögedei Khan was very happy and appointed Yelü Chucai as the Zhongshu Ling, in charge of the government affairs of the Han region.
MilitaryBattle of Three Peaks Mountain
Tuo Lei took advantage of the Song Dynasty to go north and completely wiped out the main force of the Jin army at Sanfeng Mountain in Junzhou. In the same year, Tuo Lei died after returning to the north. According to legend, he drank the wizard's cursed water to ward off the disaster for the sick Ögedei Khan.
PeopleBianjing exempted from massacre
Bianjing surrendered to Mongolia, and Su Butai requested the massacre of the city in accordance with Mongolian practice. Yelü Chucai strongly advised that craftsmen and wealth were all gathered in the city, and there would be nothing to gain by killing any of them. Ögedei Khan then only killed the Wanyan family, and more than 1.4 million people in the city were saved.
MilitaryEliminate money
The Allied Forces of Mongolia and Song Dynasty captured Caizhou and Jin Dynasty was destroyed. Afterwards, conflicts broke out between Mongolia and Southern Song over the ownership of Henan. The Song army failed to enter Luo, and the following year Mongolia went south to attack Song.
PoliticsJianhalahe Forest
The Harakhorin City and Wan'an Palace were built on the banks of the Orkhon River as the capital of the Great Mongol Kingdom, and numerous inns were set up to enable edicts, envoys and merchants to travel quickly to various parts of the empire.
Lasting legacyThe Harakhorin site is located in the Orkhon Valley in present-day Mongolia. It was listed as a World Heritage Site in 2004 as part of the "Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape".
MilitaryThe eldest son went to the west
He ordered the eldest son of each clan to lead the army in the westward expedition, commanded by Ba Dou and assisted by Su Butai. They successively conquered the principalities of Volga Bulgar, Kipchak and Rus. In 1241, they defeated the European coalition forces in Poland and Hungary. After learning about the death of the Great Khan, he returned eastward.
EconomyBingshen enfeoffment
The households in Zhongyuan Prefecture and County were distributed to the kings and meritorious officials. Yelü Chucai suggested that the imperial court should set up officials to collect taxes uniformly and then transfer them to the lords, and establish a system of "five households of silk" to limit the direct exploitation of feudal households by the nobles.
Culture1898 Selection Examination
Adopting Yelü Chucai's suggestion, Confucian scholars were examined in various places, and more than 4,000 people were admitted and exempted from taxes and servitude. Some of them were appointed as local officials, which saved a glimmer of hope for the scholars in the Central Plains during the war.
Ögedei Khan served as the Secretary of the Central Plains, established a tax system in the Central Plains, discouraged massacres of cities, selected Confucian scholars, and advocated the use of Confucianism to govern the country. After Ögedei Khan's death, he was ostracized by Naimazhenhou and died in sorrow and anger.
According to the Mongolian custom of keeping property for young sons, he inherited most of his father's army. After his father's death, he supervised the country for two years. In 1232, he commanded the Battle of Sanfeng Mountain and died in the same year. His sons Möngke Khan and Kublai Khan later became Great Khans one after another.
The son of Jochi, he commanded his eldest son to march westward, conquering the Kipchak grassland and the Rus principalities, and then established the Golden Horde (Kipchak Khanate) in the lower reaches of the Volga River.
The queen of Ögedei Khan, who ruled for nearly five years after Ögedei Khan's death, deposed Yelü Chucai, appointed Odura Heman and others to manage finances, and finally made his son Güyük Khan inherit the throne.