Dynasties of ChinaSpring and Autumn periodEastern Zhou royal family lineage
Reign 651–619 BCE
Relying on Qi Huangong to succeed to the throne, and relying on Jin Wengong to ping King Dingzi's rebellion; during his reign, there was a battle in Chengpu, and the Jin Kingdom's hegemony continued.
Ji Zheng is the Crown Prince of King Hui. King Hui favored Wang Zidai and wanted to dethrone him many times, but it was thanks to Qi Huangong that he gathered the support of the princes twice in Shou Zhi and Tao, so that he could succeed to the throne. After he ascended the throne, at the Kuiqiu meeting in 651 BC, King Xiang sent his prime minister Kong to give Huangong gizzard meat, and Qi's hegemony reached its peak. In 649 BC, Wang Zidai colluded with the Rong people to attack the royal city, but was repelled by Qin and Jin. Wang Zidai fled to Qi.
After Qi Huangong died, the state of Qi fell into a struggle for throne among various princes, and Song Xianggong lost to Hongshui in his struggle for hegemony. King Xiang recalled Wang Zidai, and Wang Zidai had an affair with Queen Di who was appointed by King Xiang. In 636 BC, he led the Di people to attack the royal city, and King Xiang fled to Panyi, the state of Zheng. Jin Wengong, who had just ascended the throne the following year, led his army to quell the rebellion, killed King Zidai, and escorted King Xiang to his restoration. King Xiang granted Yangfan, Wen, Yuan and other places to the Jin State.
In 632 BC, Jin Wengong defeated the Chu army in Chengpu. King Xiang went to Jiantu in person to express condolences and appointed Jin Wengong as Hou Bo. In the winter of the same year, Jin Wengong summoned King Xiang to Heyang. The "Spring and Autumn period" abbreviated that "the king of heaven hunted in Heyang". King Xiang reigned for thirty-three years and witnessed two generations of overlords, Qi and Jin, and Qin Mugong monopolizing Xirong. The royal family could only rely on the overlords to survive.
King Xiang himself did not have great talents, but he was able to survive the crisis twice with the help of his overlord: first with Qi Huangong to establish the throne, and later with Jin Wengong to quell the chaos in King Ding's belt. He exchanged the overlord's support with rituals such as naming and conferring crowns, so the title of Emperor Zhou was still revered; however, using land to reward the Jin State and being summoned to Heyang for an alliance further weakened the strength and dignity of the royal family. The pattern of the overlord ordering princes in the name of the emperor was finalized in his hands.
PoliticsFirst stop fixed deposit
King Hui wanted to depose Crown Prince Zheng and establish Wang Zidai. Qi Huangong met the princes at the first stop and invited Crown Prince Zheng to the meeting to show the common support of the princes. When King Hui died in 652 BC, the Crown Prince kept his funeral secret and waited for the Tao Alliance to ascend the throne.
DiplomacyAi Qiu meeting
Qi Huangong met with the princes in Kuiqiu, and King Xiang sent his chief minister Kong to give Duke Huan some meat, and allowed him not to have to bow down, but Duke Huan still went down to the hall to worship him. According to "Mencius", the covenant has clauses such as "no twists and turns, no restraints, no easy trees, no concubines as wives".
MilitaryWang Zidai Zhao Rong
Wang Zidai colluded with Yang Ju, Quan Gao and Yi Luo's troops to attack the royal city and burn down the east gate. Qin and Jin sent troops to attack the army to save Zhou, but Wang Zidai was defeated and fled to Qi the next year.
Economyrafting battle
Jin State was suffering from famine and asked Qin State to purchase grain. Qin Mugong believed that "the ruler was evil, so what crime did the people have?" He transported grain from Yong, the capital of Qin, along the Wei River, the Yellow River, and the Fen River to Jiang, the capital of Jin. The boats were connected, and it was known as the "boating battle" in history.
PeopleGuan Zhong passed away
When Guan Zhong was seriously ill, he advised Qi Huangong to stay away from favored officials such as Yi Ya, Shu Diao, and Kai Fang, believing that they were against human nature and must not be trusted. Duke Huan failed to obey, but after Guan Zhong's death, he used these people again.
MilitaryBattle of Han Yuan
Duke Hui of Jin broke his promise to cede land to Qin, and refused to sell grain during the famine in Qin. Qin Mugong raised an army to attack Jin, and captured Duke Hui of Jin in Hanyuan. He was later released due to the intercession of Qin Mugong's wife Mu Ji.
PoliticsQi Huangong passed away
Qi Huangong died of illness, five princes fought for the throne, and there was great chaos in the palace. Duke Huan's body was left unattended for sixty-seven days. Song Xianggong sent troops to send Qi Duke Xiao to the throne, and Qi's hegemony declined from then on.
MilitaryBattle of Hongshui
Song Xianggong wanted to succeed Qi and dominate, so he fought with the Chu army in Hongshui. He insisted not to attack the Chu army that was crossing the river and had not yet formed its formation. As a result, he was defeated. He was injured in the hip and died the next year.
Lasting legacy"Song Xiang's benevolence" became an allusion to ridicule pedantic benevolence.
PoliticsJin Wengong ascends the throne
Prince Chong'er, who had been in exile for nineteen years, returned to China under the escort of Qin Mugong and ascended the throne for Jin Wengong. He rewarded the meritorious officials who followed him, recommended him without any salary, and lived in seclusion in Mianshan with his mother.
Lasting legacyIt is said that the Cold Food Festival was established to commemorate Jie Zitui, and the name of Shanxi Jiexiu is also related to him.
PoliticsKing wants to run away
King Xiang borrowed troops from Di to attack Zheng Hou, married Di's daughter Kai as his queen, and soon deposed her. Wang Zidai had an affair with the Wei family and led the Di people to attack the royal city. King Xiang went out to Zhengguo Panyi and complained to the princes.
MilitaryJin Wengong Qinwang
Jin Wengong adopted Hu Yan's policy of "asking the princes more than Qin Wang", sent troops to kill Wang Zidai, and escorted King Xiang back to the royal city. King Xiang wanted to grant Jinyang Fan, Wen, Yuan, and Shumao fields; Duke Wen requested that he be buried in a tunnel after his death, but King Xiang refused.
MilitaryBattle of Chengpu
In order to repay the courtesy of Chu Chengwang when he was in exile, Jin Wengong took the initiative to retreat. Later, he defeated the Chu general Ziyu in Chengpu, and the momentum of Chu's northward advance was frustrated.
Lasting legacy"Stay away" has become a common idiom.
DiplomacyThe Alliance of Practicing the Earth
After the war, Jin Wengong built a palace for King Xiang in Jiantu and presented Chu prisoners. King Xiang ordered Yin Shi, Wang Zihu and others to appoint Jin Wengong as Hou Bo, and bestowed upon him a big chariot, a red bow, black-millet sacrificial wine and a tiger's head of 300 people. Jin Wengong officially became the overlord.
PoliticsThe king of heaven hunts in Heyang
In the winter of the same year, Jin Wengong met with the princes in Wen and summoned King Xiang to go. Confucius believed that "it is not possible to train a king by summoning him from his ministers", so the "Spring and Autumn Period" was written as "The King of Heaven is hunting in Heyang".
MilitaryThe battle of confusion
The Qin army made a sneak attack on Zheng Guo. When passing by the north gate of the royal city, the soldiers passed by. Wang Sunman concluded that the Qin army would be defeated. Merchant Zheng sent Gao Gao to warn his troops, but the Qin army was ambushed by the Jin army on its way back to Mount Miao, and the entire army was wiped out.
DiplomacyQin dominates Xirong
After Qin Mugong was frustrated in his eastward advance, he turned to the west and used his remaining troops to attack the Rong. He "benefited the country twelve times, opened up thousands of miles of land, and then dominated the Xirong." King Xiang sent Duke Zhao to give Qin Mugong a golden drum to express his congratulations.
PeopleSanliang was buried
Qin Mugong died, and one hundred and seventy-seven people were buried, including three good ministers, Yan Xi, Zhong Xing, and Zhen Hu. The people of Qin mourned it and wrote "The Book of Songs·Qin Feng·Yellow Bird".
The son of King Hui, he was favored by King Hui and granted the title of Yu Gan, also known as Gan Zhaogong and Uncle Dai. He colluded with the Rong and Di to attack the royal city twice, and drove away King Xiang in 636 BC. He was killed by Jin Wengong the following year.
He advised King Xiang not to use Di people to attack Zheng, and opposed the establishment of Di Nu as his queen. He advocated recalling Wang Zidai to harmonize the brothers. When the Di people invaded the royal city, he led his subordinates to fight and died.
The name is Fu. Qi Huangong wanted to continue his hegemony after his death. He was detained by the Chu people in Yuzhihui in 639 BC. He was defeated and injured in the Battle of Hongshui the following year and died in 637 BC.
Named Chong'er, he returned to China after nineteen years of exile and ascended the throne. He pacified King Dingzi's rebellion, escorted King Xiang to return to power, and defeated the Chu army in the Battle of Chengpu. He was appointed by King Xiang as Hou Bo and became the overlord after Qi Huangong.
Zi Guan, who lived in exile with Chong'er for nineteen years. He advised Jin Wengong to win the trust of the princes as "King Qin" and participated in planning the battle of Chengpu. He was the chief adviser to Jin Wengong's hegemony.
The name is good, and Baili Xi, Jian Shu, You Yu and others are appointed. He once went on a boat trip to transport grain to save the Jin Dynasty, captured Jin Huigong from Han Yuan, and escorted Jin Wengong back to his country. After his eastward advance was blocked, he turned to dominate Xirong.
Ming Yun. After being kind to Chong'er who was in exile, the Zhaoling Alliance made peace with Qi, defeated Song Xianggong in the Battle of Hongshui, and was frustrated in advancing northward after losing the Battle of Chengpu. In 626 BC, he was forced to commit suicide by the Crown Prince merchants.