Dynasties of ChinaJin dynastyJin dynasty lineage
Shouguo · Tianfu · Reign 1115—1123
The army was in vain, but in less than ten years, they conquered the five capitals and founded the Jurchens' Jin Dynasty.
Wanyan Aguda, whose Chinese name is Wanyanmin, is the second son of Gailibo, the leader of the Jurchen Wanyan tribe. The Jurchens lived in Baishan and Heishui for a long time and were ruled by Liao Dynasty for a long time. The Liao Dynasty demanded Haidongqing and Beizhu every year, and the "Silver Angel" sent by the Liao Dynasty even bullied various ministries. Aguda was famous for his bravery and good shooting when he was young. After the death of his brother Wu Yashu in 1113, he succeeded Dubo Jilie and commanded the Jurchen tribes.
In 1114, he swore an oath to rebel against the Liao Dynasty at Lailiushui, and even conquered Jiangzhou and Chuhedian in Ning. In the first month of the following year, he proclaimed himself emperor, named his country Dajin, and conquered the country in Jianyuan, with Huining as his capital. In the same year, Emperor Tianzuo's personal army was defeated at Hubu Dagang. After that, he successively captured Liaodong, Shangjing, Zhongjing, and Xijing, and entered into a "maritime alliance" with Northern Song to attack from both sides. In 1122, the Song army failed to attack Yan, and the Jin army entered Yanjing from Juyongguan. Liao dynasty captured all the five capitals.
In the process of founding the country, he reorganized Meng'an Muke, established Bojilie to assist the government, and ordered Wanyan Xiyin to create the Jurchen script, so that the tribal alliance quickly grew into a country. In 1123, he handed over Yanjing and six states to Northern Song as agreed, but took away Yanjing's population and wealth in advance. In August of the same year, he died of illness on the way back to Beijing. He was fifty-six years old and was succeeded by his younger brother Wu Qimai.
Aguda raised an army with thousands of people and captured almost all the territory of Liao Dynasty in less than ten years. His military ability and decisiveness were quite outstanding among the founding monarchs of the past dynasties. He integrated the Jurchen tribes, created writing, and established the Men'an Mooke and Bojilie systems, allowing the tribal alliance to quickly grow into a country. However, the Jin and Song Dynasties in the Maritime Alliance each had their own plans. After the destruction of the Liao Dynasty, the conflicts between the two sides intensified immediately, paving the way for the N&S War that would last more than a hundred years.
PoliticsHead fish feast disobeys orders
Emperor Tianzuo of the Liao Dynasty held a fish feast by the Huntong River in Chunzhou, and ordered the Jurchen chiefs who came to see him to dance in order to cheer for him. Only Aguda refused because he did not know how to do it. Emperor Tianzuo wanted to kill him for an excuse, but was dissuaded by the powerful minister Xiao Fengxian.
PoliticsDu Bo Ji Lie
His elder brother Wu Yashu passed away, and Aguda succeeded him, Dubo Jilie. He negotiated with the Liao on the grounds of reclaiming the Jurchen traitor Ashu who had fled into the Liao territory. At the same time, he built castles on the border, accumulated troops, and secretly prepared for war.
MilitaryOath of Lai Liushui
In September, he swore an oath on the banks of Lailiu River (today's Lalin River) and captured Jiangzhou, Liaoning with 2,500 men. In November, he defeated the Liao army with 3,700 soldiers at Chuhedian. Jurchen tribes and Bohai people came to join him one after another.
Lasting legacyIn 1185, Jin Shizong erected the "Dajin Deshengtuo Ode Stele" at the place where he swore his oath. The stele was engraved with large Jurchen characters. It is now stored in Fuyu City, Jilin Province. It is an important object for the study of Jurchen characters.
SocietyInitially determined to be Meng'an Muke
When the army was launched, three hundred households were divided into one mouke and ten households were divided into one mogan, and the tribes were organized into a military-civilian organization. The leader managed production in peacetime and led troops in wartime, which became the foundation of Jin Dynasty's founding.
PoliticsBecome emperor and build gold
In the first month of the year, the emperor ascended the throne, and the country was named Dajin. Jianyuan conquered the country and made Huining the capital. In the same year, the Bojilie auxiliary government system was established, with his younger brother Wu Qimai as the general manager of Banbojilie, who took charge of the state affairs as the heir apparent.
Lasting legacyThe Jinshangjing Huining Mansion site is located in Acheng District, Harbin City today. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit, and the Jinshangjing History Museum is built nearby.
MilitaryBattle of Hubu Dagang
Emperor Tianzuo of the Liao Dynasty personally led an army of 700,000 to the east, and Aguda faced it with 20,000 cavalry. It happened that the Liao general Yelv Zhangnu rebelled in the rear and Emperor Tianzuo returned to the army. The Jin army took advantage of the situation to pursue and defeated the Liao army at Dagang.
MilitaryCapture Liao Tokyo
Gao Yongchang, a native of Bohai, raised troops in Liaoyang Mansion, capital of Liao Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor and asked Jin for help. Aguda sent Oru to send troops, first defeated the Liao army, and then eliminated Gao Yongchang on the grounds that he refused to give up his imperial title. All Liaodong prefectures and counties were returned to the Jin Dynasty.
CultureIssue the Jurchen characters
Wanyan Xiyin was ordered to imitate Chinese regular script and refer to the character construction method of Khitan characters to create large Jurchen characters, which was promulgated in August. From then on, the Jurchens had their own written language, which was used for edicts, documents and education.
Diplomacymaritime alliance
The Northern Song sent Zhao Liangsi to cross the sea from Dengzhou to come to the Jin Dynasty. The two sides agreed to attack the Liao Dynasty from a flank: the Jin took the central capital of Liao and the Song took Yanjing.
MilitaryConquer Liao Shangjing
In May, Aguda personally led an army to attack Linhuang Mansion in Shangjing of Liao Dynasty. From early morning to noon, the outer city was breached. The base of Liao Dynasty was lost, and the Liao Dynasty was shaken.
MilitaryContinuously descend to Zhongjing and Xijing
In the first month of the first month, Emperor Tianzuo captured Dading Prefecture in the capital of Liaoning Province and fled to the west. The Jin army then captured Datong Prefecture in Xijing and pursued it to the Jiashan area. The Liao dynasty nobles established Yelü Chun as emperor in Yanjing, which was called Northern Liao in history. The Liao dynasty was already divided.
MilitarySoldiers enter Yanjing
Northern Song sent troops to attack Yanjing twice, but was defeated by Yelü Dashi and other Liao generals. In December, Aguda personally led his troops from Juyongguan to the south, and Yanjing's defenders surrendered from Kaicheng. So far, all the five capitals of Liao dynasty were owned by gold.
DiplomacyDelivery to Yanjing
In addition to the old coins originally given to the Liao, the Song Dynasty paid an additional one million guan "in lieu of taxes" every year. The Jin Dynasty handed Yanjing and the six prefectures of Zhuo, Yi, Tan, Shun, Jing, and Ji to the Northern Song, but in advance, almost all the officials, wealthy households, craftsmen, and property of Yanjing were taken away.
PoliticsDied of illness after returning to school
In August, he died of illness in Budu Luoxi Palace on his way back to Beijing. He was fifty-six years old. In September, his younger brother Wu Qimai ascended the throne and continued to complete the cause of destroying Liao.
Aguda's cousin has been the Prime Minister of the country for a long time. After Aguda raised the army, he fully supported him. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was very enthusiastic about the country and participated in military and state affairs. He was one of the highest-status auxiliary clan members in the early Jin Dynasty.
His real name was Nian Mojie, and he urged Aguda to proclaim himself emperor. He repeatedly made great achievements in the war to destroy the Liao Dynasty. He participated in the capture of Liao Zhongjing and Xijing and pursued Emperor Tianzuo. He was one of the most important commanders in the early Jin Dynasty.
His real name is Gu Shen, he followed A Gu to fight in the army, and he was resourceful and wise. He was ordered to create Jurchen characters and was promulgated in 1119, which was the beginning of Jin dynasty culture.
His real name is We Li Bu. He often accompanied his father on expeditions and made many military exploits in the battles such as chasing Emperor Tianzuo and capturing Yanjing. At that time, Taizong led the Eastern Route Army southward to attack the Song Dynasty.
He followed A Gu to raise troops and repeatedly defeated the Liao army. In 1125, he captured Liao Emperor Tianzuo in Yingzhou, and Liao dynasty perished; after that, he moved to Shaanxi, fought with the Song army, and died of illness in the army.
His real name was Ma Zhi, who was originally from the Yanjing family of Liao Dynasty. After joining the Song Dynasty, he proposed the strategy of joining the Jin Dynasty to destroy the Liao Dynasty, and was given the surname Zhao. He crossed the sea many times to make gold and forged a maritime alliance. Jingkang was executed for the crime of harming the country at the beginning of his reign.