Dynasties of ChinaLiao dynastyLiao dynasty lineage
Qiantong and others · Reign 1101—1125
Indulging in hunting, being fatuous and incompetent, the Jurchens were defeated in repeated battles after raising their armies. They lost all five capitals, were captured in Yingzhou, and Liao Dynasty perished.
Yelü Yanxi, whose courtesy name is Yanning and whose nickname is Aguo, is the son of Shunzong Yelü Jun. His parents were killed by Yelü Yixin when he was two or three years old, and he was raised by his grandfather Daozong, who was murdered several times by Yixin. After ascending the throne in 1101, he cleared the graves of his parents and killed the bodies of Yi Xin and others. However, he then indulged in hunting and doted on Xiao Fengxian and others. The government became increasingly corrupt and he punished the Jurchen tribes in the Northeast.
In 1114, the Jurchen Wanyan Aguda raised an army and established Jin dynasty the following year. Emperor Tianzuo personally conquered it and was defeated in Hubu Dagang. After that, Tokyo, Shangjing, and Zhongjing were lost one after another, and the Song and Jin Dynasties formed a maritime alliance to attack Liao Dynasty. He listened to the slander and ordered the death of Concubine Wen and the King of Jin. He rebelled against his relatives and fled to Jiashan in 1122. Yanjing established Yelü Chun as emperor. In 1125, he was captured by the Jin general Wanyan Loushi in Yingzhou, and was granted the title of Haibin King. Liao Dynasty was destroyed, and he died in the Jin Dynasty in 1128.
PoliticsAscension to the throne
After ascending the throne in the first month of the year, he honored his father Yelü Jun as Shunzong. In order to rehabilitate the ministers framed by Yixin, he ordered the graves of Yelü Yixin, Zhang Xiaojie and others to be dug up, their coffins dissected and their bodies slaughtered, and their families expelled.
DiplomacyFish feast
In the spring, he went fishing in Nabo on the Hun Tong River. As usual, he hosted a banquet for the leaders of the Jurchen tribes who came to court. The drunkenness made all the chiefs dance in turn. Wanyan Aguda stood upright and stared straight at him, refusing to dance. Emperor Tianzuo wanted to kill him with an excuse, but Xiao Fengxian dissuaded him.
MilitaryThe Jurchens raised an army
In September, Aguda raised an army of 2,500 people to rebel against the Liao Dynasty and captured Ningjiang Prefecture. In November, they defeated the Liao army led by Xiao Sixian with a small number in Chuhedian, and the Jurchen army gained momentum.
MilitaryDefeat of Hubu Dagang
Aguda proclaimed himself Emperor Jianjin, and Emperor Tianzuo personally led the army to the east. Because Yelü Zhangnu was planning to establish Yelü Chun in the rear, Emperor Tianzuo hurriedly returned to the army. He was pursued and defeated by 20,000 Jin troops at Hubu Dagang. The main force of the Liao army was completely lost.
MilitaryTokyo fell
Gao Yongchang, a Bohai native, occupied Liaoyang Prefecture in Tokyo and called himself the Great Bohai Emperor. The Liao army's crusade failed, and the Jin army took the opportunity to advance eastward and destroy Gao Yongchang. The entire Liao Dynasty Tokyo Road fell into the hands of the Jin people.
CultureBuilding the Tianwang Temple Tower in Yanjing
A relic pagoda was built in the Tianwang Temple in Yanjing. According to the inscriptions found in the pagoda, Yelü Chun, the emperor's uncle, King of Qin and Jin, presided over it. The tower is an octagonal thirteen-story solid brick tower with dense eaves, more than fifty meters high.
Lasting legacyThis tower is now the Tianning Temple Tower in Beijing. It is one of the oldest existing above-ground buildings in Beijing and is a national key cultural relic protection unit.
MilitaryShangjing fell
The Jin army broke through the land of Longxing and went to Linhuang Mansion in Beijing. In the same year, the Song and Jin Dynasties signed a maritime alliance and agreed that N & S would attack Liao Dynasty from both sides. Liao Dynasty fell into the dilemma of being attacked from both sides.
PoliticsUnjustly Killing Concubine Wen and Prince Jin
Xiao Fengxian framed Concubine Wen Xiao Sese and Yelü Yudu for conspiring to establish his son, King Aolu'o of Jin. Emperor Tianzuo gave Concubine Wen a gift to commit suicide, and I saw a drop of gold. The following year, the popular King of Jin was killed, and the morale of the army was further weakened.
PoliticsEscape into Jiashan
The Jin army captured Zhongjing and Xijing, and Emperor Tianzuo fled into Jiashan. The officials in Yanjing supported Yelü Chun as emperor, which was known as Northern Liao in history. At the end of the year, Yanjing was also captured by the Jin army.
PoliticsYingzhou was captured
In February, he was captured by Jin general Wanyan Loushi in the east of Yingzhou Xincheng. He escorted Jin to Beijing and was granted the title of Haibin King. Liao Dynasty was destroyed. He died in Jin Dynasty in 1128, at the age of fifty-four.
Emperor Tianzuo, the brother of Concubine Yuan, served as the privy envoy of the Beiyuan. He monopolized power and harmed the country. He covered up his failures and made achievements. He also framed Concubine Wen and the King of Jin to death. In 1122, he was expelled by Emperor Tianzuo. After being captured by the Jin army, he was intercepted by the Liao army and sentenced to death.
Good at poetry and writing. Seeing that Emperor Tianzuo was hunting excessively and the Jurchens were getting stronger, he wrote a song to satirize and admonish: "Don't complain about the dark red dust, don't hurt yourself because you are afraid of the barbarians." In 1121, he was falsely accused of setting up the Jin Dynasty king and sentenced to death.
The grandson of Xingzong was granted the title of King of Qin and Jin and guarded Yanjing, which was quite popular. In 1122, Emperor Tianzuo fled to Jiashan and was proclaimed emperor by the officials of Yanjing. He died of illness after only three months on the throne.
A general of the Liao clan and the brother-in-law of Concubine Wen. In 1121, he was falsely accused of setting up the Jin Dynasty and led his troops to surrender to the Jin Dynasty. After that, he served as the leader of the Jin army and accelerated the demise of Liao Dynasty.
The eighth grandson of Taizu, was born as a Jinshi. He participated in the support of Yelü Chun, and later returned to Emperor Tianzuo, but failed to dissuade him from sending troops hastily. In 1124, he led his troops to go west, and established Xiliao in 1132.