Dynasties of ChinaMing dynastyMing dynasty lineage
Tianqi · Reign 1620—1627
He came to the throne hastily at the age of fifteen, loved carpentry, and allowed Wei Zhongxian and Ke Shi to take power. The Donglin Party members were brutally persecuted, and the situation in Liaodong worsened day by day.
Zhu Youxiao is the eldest son of Guangzong, and his mother is the king's chosen servant. Because Emperor Wanli had neglected his father for a long time, he was unable to officially leave the court to study when he was young. In 1620, Guangzong died violently one month after he came to the throne. His beloved concubine Li Xuanshi occupied the Qianqing Palace and refused to move out. Yang Lian, Zuo Guangdou and other Donglin ministers fought hard to force him to move. This is known as the "Palace Move Case" in history. Zhu Youxiao, fifteen years old, came to the throne immediately. In the early years of the Apocalypse, the Donglin Party was in power, with Ye Xianggao as the first assistant and Sun Chengzong as the governor of Liaodong.
Xizong was obsessed with carpentry, and most of his political affairs were entrusted to the wet nurse Ke Shi and the eunuch Wei Zhongxian. Wei Zhongxian supervised Dongchang as the eunuch Bingbi, the eunuch of the Bureau of Ceremony, and integrated himself with the eunuch party. In 1625, he established a large prison. Yang Lian, Zuo Guangdou and other Donglin party members died tragically in prison. Governors from all over the country competed to build shrines for him. In Liaodong, Shenyang, Liaoyang, and Guangning fell one after another. Fortunately, Yuan Chonghuan achieved great victories in Ningyuan and Ningjin. Xizong died of illness in August 1627. He was only 23 years old and had no children. He ordered his younger brother Zhu Youjian, King Xin, to succeed him.
Xizong himself was not very evil, but he did not care about political affairs and handed over power to Wei Zhongxian and Ke Shi. The eunuch dictatorship reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty, and all upright people were destroyed. Although Liaodong was supported by Sun Chengzong, Yuan Chonghuan and others, it still lost a lot of ground. The internal strife and party troubles during the seven years of Tianqi laid the foundation for Ming Dynasty's eventual demise.
PoliticsPalace transfer case
After Guangzong's violent death, his favorite concubine Li Xuanshi and the emperor's eldest son Zhu Youxiao lived together in Qianqing Palace with the intention of intervening in politics. Yang Lian, Yushi Zuo Guangdou and others fought hard to escort Zhu Youxiao out of Qianqing Palace, and forced Li Xuanshi to move to Yaluan Palace. In September, Zhu Youxiao ascended the throne.
MilitaryShenyang and Liaoyang fell
In March, Nurhaci captured Shenyang and Liaoyang successively, Yuan Yingtai, the Liaodong manager, committed suicide, and a large number of castles east of the Liao River successively paid gold. Later Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Liaoyang, and in 1625 it moved its capital to Shenyang.
MilitaryDefeat of Quang Ninh
Governor Wang Huazhen underestimated the enemy and advanced rashly. He was defeated by Hou Jin and then abandoned Guangning. The commander Xiong Tingbi also withdrew to Shanhaiguan, and a large area of land in western Liaoning was lost. Sun Chengzong, a bachelor, then asked himself to supervise the construction of Ningyuan and other cities and build the Guanningjin defense line.
PoliticsYang Lian impeaches Wei Zhongxian
Yang Lian, the censor of the left deputy capital, Shangshu, impeached Wei Zhongxian for twenty-four major crimes, and the courtiers responded one after another. Xizong did not distinguish right from wrong, but instead issued an order to blame Yang Lian. Wei Zhongxian therefore decided to kill the Donglin Party members.
PoliticsThe Prison of Six Gentlemen
Wei Zhongxian used the Xiong Tingbi case to falsely accuse Yang Lian, Zuo Guangdou, Wei Dazhong, Yuan Huazhong, Zhou Chaorui, and Gu Dazhang of accepting bribes. The six people were tortured and died in prison. In the same year, Xiong Tingbi was killed and spread to Jiubian, and the imperial court ordered the demolition of Tianxia Academy.
MilitaryNingyuan victory
In the first month of the first month, Nurhaci led an army to attack Ningyuan. Yuan Chonghuan, a Taoist general in Ningqian, defended the isolated city and bombarded the Jin army with Hongyi artillery imported from the West. Nurhaci was frustrated and retreated. He died of illness in August of the same year. One theory is that it was related to artillery wounds.
SocietySuzhou Five People's Righteousness
Dongchang Tiqi went to Suzhou to arrest Zhou Shunchang, a member of the civil service department. Tens of thousands of citizens gathered to petition and killed the school captain in anger. Afterwards, Yan Peiwei and five other citizens stepped forward to take responsibility for their crimes and died calmly.
Lasting legacyThe tombs of the five people are still preserved in Shantang Street, Suzhou. Zhang Pu's "Tombstone Story of the Five People" written for this purpose is a famous article that has been passed down to this day.
SocietyBig explosion in Wang Gong Factory
On the sixth day of May, the Wanggong Factory Gunpowder Depot in the southwest of Beijing suddenly exploded, destroying houses for miles around and causing tens of thousands of casualties. At that time, people regarded it as a warning of a sudden change in the weather, and Xizong issued an edict to blame himself. There are still different opinions on the cause of the explosion.
MilitaryNingjin Great Victory
In May, Hong Taiji, the new successor to the throne of Khan, attacked Jinzhou and Ningyuan. Yuan Chonghuan was stationed in Ningyuan, and Zhao led the army to defend Jinzhou. Later Jin Jiu could not attack and withdrew his troops. However, Yuan Chonghuan was criticized by the eunuch party after the war and was forced to resign.
PeopleXizong died of illness
Xizong was frightened when he fell into the water while boating in Xiyuan two years ago. Since then, his health has been declining. He also took the so-called magical medicine "Linglu Yin", which caused edema all over his body. He died of illness in August at the age of 23, and his younger brother Xin Wang Zhu Youjian succeeded him.
A native of Suning in Hejian, he entered the palace from the palace and colluded with Xizong wet nurse Ke Shi. He was appointed as the eunuch of the ceremonial department and the eunuch of Bingbi and the governor of Dongchang. He specialized in government affairs and was known as "Nine Thousand Years Old". After Emperor Chongzhen ascended the throne, he was demoted and hanged himself on the way.
Xizong Wet Nurse, who was named the Holy Lady, colluded with Wei Zhongxian internally and externally to control the palace and persecuted the concubines. After Emperor Chongzhen ascended the throne, he was killed with a stick.
In the case of moving the palace, he tried to ensure that Xizong ascended the throne. Later, he served as the censor of the Zuo Deputy Capital. He was impeached by Shangshu for the twenty-four major crimes of Wei Zhongxian. He was falsely accused of being imprisoned and died of torture.
Xizong’s teacher. After the fall of Guangning, he served as a bachelor to supervise Liaodong, built cities, trained troops, farmed fields to accumulate grain, and built the Guanning Jin defense line. He was forced to resign because he did not join the eunuch party. In 1638, when the Qing army attacked Gaoyang, he led his family to defend the city and died.
He twice conducted military campaigns in Liaodong and advocated focusing on defense. After the defeat of Guangning, he was arrested and imprisoned, and was framed by the eunuchs. In 1625, he was killed and reported to the Nine Sides. Chongzhen was rehabilitated in the early years.