Dynasties of ChinaNorthern and Southern DynastiesLiu Song
Yuanjia · Reign 424—453
He reigned for thirty years and established the Yuanjia rule, which brought prosperity to culture and education. However, he repeatedly failed in the Northern Expedition and was eventually killed by Crown Prince Liu Shao.
Liu Yilong is the third son of Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, with a small name of Che'er. He was granted the title of King of Yidu and came out of Jingzhou. In 424, Xu Xianzhi and others killed the Young Emperor and welcomed him to Jiankang to ascend the throne at the age of eighteen. After two years of forbearance, he executed Xu Xianzhi and Fu Liang in 426, personally conquered and defeated Xie Hui, who had raised troops in Jingzhou, and regained power. After that, he appointed Wang Hong, Wang Hua, Yin Jingren and others to work diligently on government affairs.
During his nearly 30 years in power, he cleaned up household registration, encouraged farmers to teach farming, exempted and exempted rents, and established the four schools of Confucianism, metaphysics, history, and literature. The society was relatively stable, and the economy and culture were prosperous. It is known as the "Yuanjia Rule" in history. "Three Kingdoms" annotated by Pei Songzhi, "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" compiled by Fan Ye, "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" compiled by Liu Yiqing, and "Yuan Jiali" compiled by He Chengtian all come from this period.
However, he was suspicious of the hero and killed the famous general Tan Daoji. He also had mutual suspicion with his younger brother Prince of Pengcheng Liu Yikang. The two Northern Expeditions to the Northern Wei in 430 and 450 failed. In 450, Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei counterattacked and invaded the Yangtze River. The Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers were damaged and the national power was greatly damaged. In 453, Crown Prince Liu Shao committed patricide and became independent due to a witchcraft incident. Emperor Wen was forty-seven years old.
Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty was diligent in political affairs. During his nearly 30 years in office, the political situation was stable. He rectified household registration, encouraged farmers to teach, and established schools. During the Yuan and Jia years, Jiangnan's economy and academic culture flourished, and he made great achievements in history, literature, and calendars. This was a rare governance in the Southern Dynasties. However, he had a jealous nature, killed the hero's family, and destroyed the Great Wall himself. During the Northern Expedition, he commanded remotely and improperly hired people, which resulted in repeated misfortunes, which turned Liu Song's national power from prosperity to decline, and eventually he died at the hands of the Crown Prince.
PoliticsEntering Beijing and enthroning the throne
In August, he entered Jiankang from Jiangling and became emperor, changing his name to Yuanjia. He showed great tolerance to Minister Gu Ming, but secretly gradually arranged for his cronies to control the imperial army.
PoliticsExecute powerful officials
In the first month of the first month, an edict was issued announcing that Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, and Xie Hui were guilty of killing the Young Emperor. Xu Xianzhi committed suicide and Fu Liang was killed. Then he personally went to Jingzhou, and with the cooperation of Tan Daoji, defeated Xie Hui and captured him.
CulturePei Songzhi's Notes on Three Kingdoms
Pei Songzhi was ordered to write annotations for Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms". He completed it in July, cited more than 200 kinds of books, and supplemented a large number of historical events. The Emperor praised it as "immortal" after reading it.
Lasting legacyThe joint publication of Pei's Notes and "Three Kingdoms" has been circulated to this day. Most of the historical books cited have been lost. Many historical events of Three Kingdoms have been preserved only through Pei's Notes.
EconomyCast four baht coins
A money office was established to mint four-baht coins to alleviate the shortage of coins and mixed private minting since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and facilitate the circulation of goods.
MilitaryTo Yan's Northern Expedition
He was sent to Yanzhi to lead the Northern Expedition and once recovered four towns in Henan. In the winter, the Northern Wei counterattacked, and the Song army was defeated and all towns were lost. Tan Daoji led the army to rescue, and used the strategy of "singing to raise the sand" to confuse the Wei army, and the entire army returned.
PeopleXie Lingyun was killed
The landscape poet Xie Lingyun was arrogant and talented. He was impeached many times. When he was the internal historian of Linchuan, he rebelled against arrest and was exiled to Guangzhou. He was later executed for treason at the age of 49.
PoliticsUnjust killing of Tan Daoji
Emperor Wen was ill for a long time, and Liu Yikang and others were worried that the famous general Tan Daoji would be difficult to control in the future, so they summoned him to Jiankang and executed him by imperial edict. Before his execution, Tan Daoji angrily denounced, "I am destroying your Great Wall."
CultureOpened four schools
Lei Cizong was recruited to open a school in Jilongshan to teach Confucianism. The following year, he was ordered to establish metaphysics, He Chengtian to establish history, and Xie Yuan to establish literature.
PoliticsRelease Liu Yikang
Prince of Pengcheng Liu Yikang monopolized the government affairs as chief minister, and party aide Liu Zhan and others tried to support him. In October, Emperor Wen executed Liu Zhan and made Liu Yikang the governor of Jiangzhou. The feud between the brothers became public.
Science & technologyPromulgate the Yuan Jiali calendar
He Chengtian compiled the "Yuan Jiali" based on more than 40 years of actual measurements, improved the calculation of the winter solstice time and the movement of the sun and the moon, and it was officially implemented in 445.
PeopleFan Ye was killed
Crown Prince Zhan Shifan Ye participated in Kong Xixian's conspiracy to support Liu Yikang, but was killed after it was revealed. The "Book of the Later Han" written by him was not completed, and the biographical part was passed down to later generations.
Lasting legacy"Book of the Later Han" is ranked among the "Twenty-Four Histories". Allusions in the book such as "Where there is a will, there is a way" and "A shroud in horse leather" are still commonly used today.
MilitarySouthern Expedition to Linyi
Linyi repeatedly invaded Jiaozhou. Emperor Wen sent Tan Hezhi and Zongci to conquer the south. Zongci made fake lions to frighten away Linyi's elephant array, broke through Linyi's capital, and obtained a large amount of treasures.
MilitaryYuanjia Northern Expedition
Emperor Wen ignored the dissuasion of his ministers and sent Wang Xuanmo and others on a large-scale northern expedition, besieging Huatai for a long time. Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty personally led the army to the south, and the Song army was defeated. "Yuan Jia hastily sealed the wolf in Xu, and won the hasty visit to the north" refers to this battle.
MilitaryWei Jun drinks his horse from the Yangtze River
The Wei army took advantage of the victory and marched south. In December, they arrived at Guabu on the north bank of the Yangtze River. Jiankang was under martial law. Emperor Wen climbed the stone city and looked north, with a worried look on his face. When the Wei army retreated to the north, they looted and looted wildly, and the area between the Jianghuai River and the Huaihe River was in dire straits.
PoliticsGive death to Liu Yikang
During the Northern Wei Dynasty's invasion of the south, Emperor Wen was worried that someone would support Liu Yikang, who had been deposed as a commoner and moved to Ancheng, and caused rebellion, so he sent someone to kill him in the first month of the year.
PoliticsLiu Shao Patricide
Crown Prince Liu Shao and Shixing King Liu Jun colluded with the witch Yan Daoyu to curse Emperor Wen. After the incident, Emperor Wen planned to depose the Crown Prince. In February, Liu Shao led the Donggong soldiers into the palace, killed Emperor Wen, and declared himself emperor.
Emperor Wu, a former general of the Song Dynasty, was assisted in the government by the imperial edict. In the early days of the Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Wen assisted Emperor Wen in pacifying Xie Hui. When the Northern Expedition failed, he sang to mobilize the entire army to return, gaining a great reputation. In 436, he was summoned to Beijing and executed.
The fourth son of Emperor Wu of Song Dynasty and the younger brother of Emperor Wen. When Emperor Wen was ill, he appointed Situ to take charge of the government. His power was limited for a while, which aroused suspicion. He was exiled in 440, deposed as a commoner in 445, and sentenced to death in 451.
He was proficient in astronomy and calendar calculations and compiled the "Yuanjia Li". He also established a history museum, participated in the compilation of national history, and advocated testing the calendar with actual measurements.
The Pei family of Hedong, under the orders of Emperor Wen, wrote annotations for "Three Kingdoms". He widely adopted different theories, corrected gaps and errors, and created a historical annotation style that mainly supplemented historical materials.
He was born in the Fan family in Shunyang. When he was frustrated in his official career, he deleted various Eastern Han history books and compiled the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" with concise diction and outstanding comments and praises. He was killed in 445 for being involved in the Liu Yikang case.
The nephew of Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, he was granted the title of King of Linchuan. He loved literature, recruited scribes, and presided over the compilation of Shishuoxinyu, which recorded the words and deeds of celebrities from the late Han Dynasty to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is a representative work of Zhiren novels.
He was fond of discussing and strongly advocated the Northern Expedition. Emperor Wen said, "Hearing Wang Xuanmo's statement made people feel like they could seal the wolf and live in a humble place." In 450, the siege of the sliding platform failed and several people were executed.
Emperor Wen's eldest son was established as Crown Prince at the age of six. Because of the witchcraft incident, he killed his father and became a self-reliant person. He changed to the beginning of Yuan Dynasty. He was killed by his younger brother Liu Jun three months later. He was known as the "culprit" in history.