Dynasties of ChinaSouthern SongSouthern Song lineage
Qingyuan · Jiading · Reign 1194—1224
He was supported in Shaoxi's inner Zen, and was controlled by Han Tuozhou and Shi Miyuan successively. After the failure of the Kaixi Northern Expedition, he was forced to sign the Jiading Peace Treaty.
Zhao Kuo is the second son of Guangzong and the king of Fengjia. In 1194, Shaoxi was promoted to the throne by Zhao Ruyu and Han Tuozhou in his inner Zen, and was changed to Qingyuan the following year. He was weak in character and rarely had his own opinions. During his thirty years in power, two powerful ministers, Han Tuozhou and Shi Miyuan, were in charge. After Han Tuozhou excluded Zhao Ruyu, he launched the "Qingyuan Party Ban" to suppress Neo-Confucianism. In order to establish prestige, he hastily launched the Kaixi Northern Expedition in 1206. As a result, the Song army suffered defeats on all sides, and Wu Xi of Sichuan rebelled and surrendered to Jin Dynasty.
In 1207, Shi Miyuan, the Minister of Rites, conspired with Yanghuanghou to kill Han Tuozhou. The following year, the Jiading Peace Treaty was concluded with the Jin Dynasty. The Song and Jin Dynasties were changed to the Kingdom of Uncle and Nephew, and the annual currency was increased to 300,000. After that, Miyuan became the independent prime minister and had exclusive power for more than 20 years. In the later period of Ningzong's reign, Mongolia rose up in the north, the Jin dynasty moved south, the Southern Song stopped accepting Sui coins, and the Song and Jin Dynasties resumed war. Ningzong died of illness in 1224, and Miyuan issued an edict to depose the prince Zhao Hong and make Zhao Yun the emperor.
PoliticsInner Zen ascends the throne
In July, he ascended the throne under the auspices of the Empress Dowager Wu. At first, he repeatedly declined, fearing that he would be accused of being unfilial, but he was helped to ascend the throne by Han Tuozhou and others, and he was changed to Qingyuan the following year.
CultureQingyuan Party Ban
After Han Tuozhou excluded Zhao Ruyu, he denounced Neo-Confucianism as "pseudo-study". In 1197, he listed fifty-nine people with "pseudo-study and anti-party membership", including Zhu Xi, and Neo-Confucianism works were banned. Zhu Xi died under party ban in 1200, and the ban was lifted in 1202.
PoliticsPraising Yue and demoting Qin
In order to boost the morale of the Northern Expedition, Yue Fei was posthumously granted the title of King of Hubei in 1204; in 1206, he pursued Qin Gui's title and changed his posthumous title from "Zhongxian" to "Miao Chou".
MilitaryKaixi Northern Expedition
In May, an imperial edict was issued to attack the Jin Dynasty. The Song army captured Sizhou in the early stage, but then suffered successive defeats in Suzhou, Tangzhou and other places. At the end of the year, Wu Xi, the deputy envoy of Xuanfu in Sichuan, rebelled and surrendered to Jin Dynasty and was granted the title of King of Shu. The following year, he was executed by An Bing, Yang Juyuan and others.
PeopleXin Qiji died of illness
Xin Qiji, who was appointed to the post in his later years, once knew Zhenjiang Prefecture. He climbed to Beigu Pavilion and wrote, "I think of those days when we were brave and powerful, and could swallow thousands of miles like a tiger." He was deposed again before and after the Kaixi Northern Expedition, and died of illness in Qianshan in September at the age of sixty-eight.
PoliticsHan Tuozhou was killed
In November, Shi Miyuan, the Minister of Rites, and Yanghuanghou and others corrected the imperial edict and ordered Xia Zhen, the former general of the palace, to intercept and kill Han Tuozhou at the side of Yujin Garden on his way to the court.
DiplomacyJiading Peace Agreement
In September, a peace agreement was reached with Jin: Song and Jin were changed into the kingdom of uncle and nephew, the annual currency was increased to 300,000 silver and silk each, and an additional 3 million taels of silver were paid to the army. Southern Song sent a letter of Han Tuozhou's head to Jin dynasty.
People"Showing Children" by Lu You
Lu You died of illness in Shanin at the age of eighty-five. Before his death, he wrote "Shi'er": "I know that everything is in vain after I die, but I am sad that I will not see all the nine states. On the day when Wang Shibei set the Central Plains, he never forgot to tell Nai Weng about the family sacrifices."
Lasting legacyLu You has more than 9,000 poems in existence, and famous works such as "Shi'er" are still included in primary and secondary school Chinese textbooks.
DiplomacyStop paying New Year coins
Jin Dynasty moved south to Bianjing under the attack of Mongolia, and Southern Song adopted the suggestions of Zhen Dexiu and others to stop paying Sui coins. In 1217, Jin Xuanzong used this as an excuse to invade the south, and Song and Jin fought intermittently in Huainan, Xianghan, and Sichuan.
PoliticsShi Miyuan Jiao Zhao
Ningzong died of illness in leap August. Prince Zhao Hong once threatened to denounce Shi Miyuan in the future, so Shi Miyuan made an imperial edict to establish Zhao Yun of the clan as emperor, named Zhao Hong King of Ji, and lived in Huzhou.
Ningzong, the great-uncle of Empress Han, held power for more than ten years through her support, and initiated the Qingyuan Party to ban Neo-Confucianism. In 1206, he failed in the Northern Expedition. The following year, he was killed by Shi Miyuan and others, and his head was sent to Jin Dynasty.
Born in a humble background, she was favored for her talent and beauty, and was appointed queen in 1202. Han Tuozhou had opposed her appointment. She conspired with Shi Miyuan to kill Han Tuozhou. After Ningzong's death, she participated in supporting Lizong and for a time listened to the government from behind the curtain.
He is the son of Hao. In 1207, he planned to kill Han Tuozhou, and presided over the Jiading Peace Conference the following year. After that, he became an independent prime minister for more than 20 years. After the death of Ningzong, he promulgated an imperial edict to support Lizong, and his power spread over the government and the opposition.
Ningzong was once appointed as the pacifier of eastern Zhejiang and the prefect of Zhenjiang, actively planning the Northern Expedition, but was impeached and resigned. His poems are generous and sad, and sentences such as "Watching a sword while drunk" have been passed down through the ages.