Yu Xitiemuer
MilitaryKublai Khan, a member of the Mongolian Uluru tribe and an important minister in the court, advocated the rapid adoption of Temür after Shizu's death, and died soon after.
Dynasties of ChinaYuan dynastyYuan dynasty lineage
ChengzongTemür
Yuanzhen · Dade · Reign 1294—1307
The grandson of Shizu, he did not achieve much in defense and stopped using troops overseas. In the later period of his reign, officialdom became lax and corruption gradually emerged.
IBiography
- Reign
- 13 years
- Reign era
- Yuanzhen · Dade
- Order of accession
- Ruler #2 · Yuan dynasty lineage
- Life dates
- 1265—1307
- Titles
- Temple name Chengzong · Posthumous title Qinming Guangxiao Emperor · Mongolian honorific title Wanze Duhan
Temür is the third son of Zhenjin and the grandson of Kublai Khan. When Crown Prince Zhenjin passed away in 1286, he was ordered to guard Mobei. In 1293, he defeated the forces of Wang Naiyan and Haidu, and achieved military exploits. Kublai Khan died in 1294. With the support of his ministers Bo Yan and Yu Xitiemuer, he ascended the throne in Xanadu and changed his title to Yuan Zhen and Dade the following year.
Chengzong adhered to the old Shizu system and became the leader: he stopped using troops against Japan, Java and other places, confronted Haidu and finally defeated its forces, easing the situation in the northwest; he also reduced taxes, rectified banknotes, and promulgated the "Dade Law Order", creating a peaceful atmosphere for a time. However, he suffered from illness in his later years, Queen Bo Luhan interfered in government affairs, and official corruption became common. He died of illness in the first month of 1307, leaving no Crown Prince.
IITimeline
During the reign · 1294—1307
PoliticsShangdu ascends the throne
After Shizu's death, the emperor's grandson Temür competed with his brother Gammala for the throne. With the support of Bo Yan and others, he ascended the throne in Xanadu, adopted the era name Yuanzhen, and announced that he would continue to abide by Shizu's constitution.
PoliticsGai Yuan Dade
After the Dade period of the Yuan Dynasty, the political situation was relatively stable for eleven years. The imperial court exempted taxes from various places in the south of the Yangtze River many times and stopped overseas expeditions. It is known as the "Government of Dade" in history.
EconomyGrowth in seaborne grain transport
The amount of grain shipped by sea increased year by year, reaching more than one million shi per year during the Dade period, becoming the main source of supply to Dadu. The Wanhu Office of Shipping was established to manage it, and the routes were constantly improved.
Science & technologyHuang Daopo returns home
During the Yuanzhen period, Huang Daopo returned to his hometown of Wunijing, Songjiang from Yazhou, Hainan, and taught the Li cotton spinning technology, and improved the stirrer, slingshot, and three-spindle spinning wheel, making Songjiang cotton famous throughout the country.
Lasting legacyThe Huang Daopo Memorial Temple and related relics in Xuhui District, Shanghai still commemorate this cotton textile innovator.
CultureGuan Hanqing and other active
During the Dade period, most Zaju operas flourished. Writers such as Guan Hanqing, Wang Shifu, and Bai Pu were active for a while. This period was called the golden age of Yuan dramas, and famous works such as "The Injustice of Dou E" and "The Romance of the West Chamber" were published one after another.
PoliticsRectify the administration of officials
In the seventh year of Dade, the imperial court discovered more than 18,000 cases of corruption and illegal acts by officials in various places, and punished the corrupt officials. More than 2,000 of them were convicted, and more than 40 honest envoys were punished. It is known in history as "The Prison of Dade Seven Years."
DiplomacyThe kings withdrew their troops
Peace was re-negotiated with the northwest khanates. The rebel king Haidu who had previously commanded the northwest died of illness. His son Chabal, Ögedei Khan and Chagatai kings successively submitted to the Yuan Dynasty. The northwest border was relatively stable and the post roads were smooth.
PoliticsDied of illness without heirs
The only son De Shou died young, and Chengzong died of illness in the first month. Queen Bo Luhan wanted to establish King Ananda of Anxi, and ministers such as Ha Lahasun of the Khayshan line came to Khayshan in Mobei, and a palace battle began.
IIIPeople of this reign
Bo Luhan
ConsortsQueen Chengzong, Chengzong was ill in his later years, she interfered in the government affairs. After Chengzong's death, she tried to establish King Ananda of Anxi, but was overthrown by the brothers Khayshan and Ayurbarwada, and was later sentenced to death.
Ha Lahasun
PoliticsChengzong, the chief minister in his later years, stabilized the government before and after Chengzong's death, and secretly sent people to welcome the Khayshan line, so that the throne could be successfully transferred to the Wuzong brothers.