Bai Zhu
PoliticsThe fourth grandson of Mu Huali, he was appreciated by the Renzong Dynasty. Yingzong was then the right prime minister and vigorously promoted the New Deal. He was only 26 years old when he was killed.
Dynasties of ChinaYuan dynastyYuan dynasty lineage
YingzongShidibala
Zhizhi · Reign 1320—1323
Determined to innovate and rectify the administration of officials, he and Prime Minister Bai Zhu implemented the "New Deal for Supreme Governance", but he was killed in the Nanpo Incident.
IBiography
- Reign
- 3 years
- Reign era
- Zhizhi
- Order of accession
- Ruler #5 · Yuan dynasty lineage
- Life dates
- 1303—1323
- Titles
- Temple name Yingzong · Posthumous name Emperor Ruisheng Wenxiao · Mongolian honorific name Gejian Khan
Shidibala was the eldest son of Renzong and his mother was Queen Anu. He received Confucian education since childhood and was established as Crown Prince in 1316. Renzong died of illness in 1320. With the support of his grandmother, the Queen Mother Da Ji, he ascended the throne in Dadu and changed the Yuan Dynasty to Zhizhi the following year. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, the powerful Prime Minister Tie Mudieer was still very powerful, but Yingzong tolerated it at first. When Tie Mudieer died of illness in 1322, he immediately appointed Bai Zhu as the right prime minister and began to rectify the government.
He first liquidated the Tie Mudieer party members, eliminated redundant officials, implemented the auxiliary service law to equalize the labor force, and also liquidated the land properties, compiled the "Dayuan Tong System", and implemented the New Deal. The reform offended the vested interests of the Mongolian nobles and powerful ministers. In August 1323, on his way back from Shangdu to Dadu, he was assassinated by the imperial censor Tie Shi and others in Nanpodian. He was only 21 years old. Prime Minister Bai Zhu was also killed at the same time.
Yingzong was young and promising, well versed in Han law. During his three years in power, he rectified the administration of officials and compiled legal codes. He was regarded as the monarch most likely to reverse the decline in the late Yuan dynasty. However, the New Deal touched the interests of the Mongolian nobles, and he lacked his own team, so Nanpo was eventually killed. After this incident, the throne of Yuan Dynasty changed frequently and the road to reform was interrupted.
IITimeline
During the reign · 1320—1323
PoliticsAscended to the throne and adopted the era name
Renzong died in the first month of the year and ascended the throne in March with the support of the Queen Mother Da Ji. The following year he changed the Yuan Dynasty to Zhizhi. The Queen Mother appointed Tie Mudieer as the right prime minister, who immediately killed Xiao Bai Zhu and other officials of the Renzong Dynasty, causing political turmoil.
PeopleBai Zhu pays homage to Prime Minister
After Tie Mudieer died of illness, Yingzong worshiped Bai Zhu as his right prime minister. Bai Zhu is a descendant of Mu Huali, the founding hero of the People's Republic of China. He is familiar with Han culture and assists Yingzong in eliminating the remaining Tie Mudieer parties and implementing a series of measures to rectify officialdom.
EconomyPromote the Assistance Act
In order to equalize the labor force, the Assistance Law was implemented in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places. The government set aside some fields and used the income to subsidize the households serving the labor force. This reduced the burden on the households, but it also touched the interests of local powerful people and officials.
PoliticsEliminate redundant officials
Rectifying the bureaucracy, eliminating redundant officials and redundant institutions, saving financial expenditures, and severely punishing corruption are important elements of the "New Deal".
PoliticsThe "Great Yuan Tong System" was promulgated
In February, the previously compiled regulations, exceptions, etc. were compiled into the "Dayuan Tongzhi" and promulgated to the world. There are 2,539 articles in total. It is the first relatively complete code of the Yuan dynasty. The original book has been lost, and part of the content is preserved in "Tongzhi Tiaoge".
PoliticsChanges in the South Slope
In August, when Yingzong was returning to Dadu from Shangdu, he was stationed in Nanpodian. Tie Shi, the imperial censor, and Esen Timur and others colluded with the guards and assassinated Yingzong and Bai Zhu at night. They immediately welcomed the Jin King Yesün Temür who was far away in Mobei.
IIIPeople of this reign
Tie Shi
PoliticsA Mongolian aristocrat who served as a censor in the Yingzong Dynasty, he launched the Nanpo Revolution because he was afraid of the New Deal's liquidation, assassinating Yingzong and Bai Zhu, and was later executed by Yesün Temür.
Da Ji
ConsortsRenzong's mother, Yingzong's grandmother. He supported Tie Mudieer's dictatorship and had a great influence on Yingzong's early political affairs. He died in 1322.