Dynasties of ChinaYuan dynastyYuan dynasty lineage
Huangqing · Yanyou · Reign 1311—1320
Advocating Confucianism and law, restoring imperial examinations, and promoting "Yanyou Genghua" made Yuan dynasty politics closer to the Qingming Dynasty for a time.
Ayurbarwada is the second son of Shunzong Darmabala and the younger brother of Wuzong. He studied Confucian classics with Li Meng since he was a child, is proficient in Chinese, and admires Chinese law. In 1307, he and his brother Khayshan teamed up to overthrow Bo Luhan and Ananda, and were made Crown Prince and lived in the East Palace for four years. After Wuzong died of illness in 1311, he ascended the throne in Dadu and changed his name to Huangqing of the Yuan Dynasty, and then to Yanyou of the Yuan Dynasty the following year.
After he came to the throne, he abolished the Shangshu Province, executed San Baonu, and appointed Li Meng and other Confucian officials to rectify the currency system and clean up the land (Manager Yanyou). In 1313, he issued an edict to resume the imperial examination. In 1315, he opened the subject for the first time. Based on Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, he also promulgated the "Dayuan Tongzhi". He did not fulfill the agreement between his brothers and changed the title of Crown Prince to his son Shidibala in 1316, which caused dissatisfaction among the Wuzong family. In his later years, the Queen Mother Da Ji and the powerful minister Tie Mudieer took full power. He died of illness in the first month of 1320.
Renzong was the one with higher cultural attainment among the Yuan dynasty emperors. He dismissed the chancellery, restored the imperial examination, rectified banknotes, and compiled the "Dayuan Tongzhi", which stabilized the politics of Yuan dynasty for a time, and was known as "Yanyou Genghua" in history. However, he betrayed the agreement between his brothers on the issue of succession, paving the way for more than 20 years of struggle for the throne. In his later years, he allowed the Queen Mother and the powerful minister Tie Mudieer to take exclusive power, and the results of the reforms could not be sustained.
PoliticsCrown Prince
After Wuzong ascended the throne, he made him the Crown Prince and agreed that in the future, his brother would become his brother. After that, he convened Confucian ministers in the East Palace to talk about classics and history, and Li Meng, Wang Yue and others came to serve him one after another.
PoliticsAfter ascending the throne, he dismissed the Minister of Provincial Affairs
In the first month of the first month, Wuzong died of illness. After he came to the throne, he immediately abolished the Shangshu Province, executed San Baonu and others, stopped using Zhi Da Yin banknotes and Zhi Da Qian, and restored the currency system based on Zhongtong and Zhi Yuan banknotes.
CultureAn edict was issued to resume the imperial examinations
Adopting the suggestions of Li Meng, Wang Yue and others, an edict was issued in November to resume the imperial examination. The examinations were divided into two lists: Mongols, Semu people and Han people, and Southerners. The examination was mainly based on Zhu Xi's "Collected Commentary on Four Books and Chapters".
EconomyManager Yanyou
In order to check for hidden acres and equalize taxes and levies, he ordered land surveying in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Henan provinces, and was known as "Manager Yanyou" in history. During the execution, officials committed fraud and forced taxes, which aroused resistance in various places, and was forced to stop in 1316.
CultureFirst time taking a course to obtain a bachelor's degree
In the second year of Yanyou, the provincial examination, the general examination and the palace examination were held, and a total of fifty-six people were selected. This was the first time that Yuan Dynasty opened a subject. From then on to 1366, a total of sixteen subjects were held, and a total of more than 1,200 people were admitted.
Lasting legacyThe imperial examinations of the Yuan Dynasty were based on the "Four Books" annotated by Cheng and Zhu, making Zhu Xi's theory the official doctrine, which influenced the imperial examinations and education for the next six hundred years in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
PoliticsRenamed Crown Prince
Violating the agreement between brother and brother, he instead made his son Shidibala the Crown Prince, and sent Wuzong's eldest son Kusala to Yunnan, and later moved to the northwest. This approach laid the foundation for subsequent disputes over the throne.
Science & technology"Agricultural Book" completed
When Wang Zhen, a native of Dongping, Shandong Province, was serving as a local official, he wrote the "Agricultural Book", which summarized N&S agricultural technology and described various agricultural tools in detail. At the end of the book, he included the production method of wooden movable type and wheel typesetting frame, which had a profound influence on later printing technology.
Lasting legacy"Nongshu" is one of the four major agricultural books in ancient China. The wooden movable type printing technology recorded in it provides important documents for the study of printing history.
PoliticsDeath of illness and resurgence of Tie Mudieer
In the first month of the first month, Renzong died of illness in Dadu at the age of thirty-six. Queen Mother Da Ji appointed Tie Mudieer as the right prime minister. In the later years of the Renzong Dynasty, a group of powerful ministers and dissatisfied people were accumulated. Her son Shidibala came to the throne.
CultureZhao Mengfu passed away
Zhao Mengfu was highly regarded in the Renzong Dynasty. He became a scholar in the Imperial Academy and was famous for his calligraphy and painting. He died of illness in 1322. The "Zhao style" regular script he founded had a profound influence on later calligraphy.
A native of the Western Han Dynasty in Shaanxi Province, he once served as a student at Renzong Qiandi and advocated governing the country with Confucianism. After Renzong ascended the throne, he served as Zhongshu Pingzhang and promoted the restoration of imperial examinations and rectification of officialdom. He was regarded as a representative figure of Han Confucian officials in the Yuan Dynasty.
Renzong, a close confidant of the Queen Mother Dai Ji, later served as Prime Minister of the Right. He took advantage of his power, took bribes, and framed dissidents. Yingzong was still in charge of the government in the early years of his life, but he was deprived of his title after his death the following year.
The 11th generation grandson of Taizu in the Song Dynasty. After entering the Yuan Dynasty, he became an official and became a Hanlin scholar. He was good at calligraphy and painting. He pioneered the style of literati painting. His wife Duan Sheng and his son Zhao Yong are both famous for their paintings.
A native of Dongping, Shandong Province, he served as the magistrate of Jingde and Yongfeng counties. He wrote "Agricultural Book", created wooden movable type and designed a wheel typesetting frame. He was an important figure in agriculture and printing technology in the Yuan Dynasty.