Wanyan Heda
MilitaryHis real name is Zhan, the main commander of the Aizong Dynasty, and he shares military power with Yilapua. In 1232, Sanfengshan was defeated and retreated to Junzhou. The city was broken and he was killed.
Dynasties of ChinaJin dynastyJin dynasty lineage
AizongWanyan Shouxu
Zhengda · Tianxing · Reign 1223—1234
He tried to revive but failed. After the defeat of Sanfeng Mountain, he returned to De and Caizhou. Before the city was destroyed, Chuan Wei hanged himself, and Jin Dynasty perished.
IBiography
- Reign
- 11 years
- Reign era
- Zhengda · Tianxing
- Order of accession
- Ruler #9 · Jin dynasty lineage
- Life dates
- 1198—1234
- Titles
- Temple name Aizong · First name Yizong
Wanyan Shouxu, whose real name was Ningjiasu, was the third son of Xuanzong. He was established as Crown Prince in 1216. Xuanzong died of illness in December 1223. He succeeded to the throne and changed his name to Yuan Zhengda the following year. He stopped using troops against Southern Song, negotiated peace with Western Xia, appointed generals such as Wanyan Heda and Yilapua, and relied heavily on the Zhongxiao Army commanded by Monk Wanyan Chen. In 1228, he defeated the Mongolian army in Dachangwon, and there was a moment of resurgence.
In 1231, Ögedei Khan attacked the Jin Dynasty in three ways, and Tuo Lei took advantage of the Song Dynasty to go northward. In the first month of the following year, he completely wiped out the main force of the Jin army in Sanfeng Mountain. The Mongolian army besieged Bianjing and there was a severe epidemic in the city. Aizong fled at the end of 1232 and returned to De and Caizhou. Cui Li, the defender of Bianjing, surrendered to the city. In 1233, Southern Song and Mongolian troops besieged Caizhou. On the eve of the city's destruction in the first month of the following year, he passed away to his clan Wanyan Chenglin and hanged himself in Youlanxuan. Jin Dynasty was destroyed.
IITimeline
During the reign · 1223—1234
DiplomacyStrike out and negotiate peace
After taking the throne, he changed the Yuan Dynasty to Zhengda and sent people to tell Southern Song to stop fighting. The following year, he negotiated peace with Western Xia and became a brotherly country, ending the three-sided war since Xuanzong.
MilitaryBattle of Dae Changwon
When the Mongolian army entered Dachangyuan (today's Ningxian County, Gansu Province), the Zhongxiao Army captured Monk Wanyan Chen and used 400 cavalry to defeat 8,000 people. This was a rare victory for the Jin Army since its war against Mongolia.
MilitaryTow mine to take advantage of the road
Ögedei Khan divided his troops into three groups to attack the Jin Dynasty. Tuo Lei led the right army to forcibly pass through the Southern Song, crossed the Song Dynasty via Hanzhong, and went around to the Dengzhou area behind Jin Dynasty. The Jin army was forced to return from the Tongguan and Yellow River defense lines to fight.
MilitaryBattle of Three Peaks Mountain
In the first month of the first month, Heda and Pua led more than 100,000 Jin troops to be surrounded by the Mongolian army at Sanfeng Mountain in Junzhou. It happened to be a heavy snowfall, and the Jin army was freezing and hungry. The entire army was annihilated. Monk Wanyan Chen was captured and died unyieldingly. Jin Dynasty has no more soldiers to fight with.
Science & technologyShocking Thunder Guards Bianjing
In March, the Mongolian Su Butai besieged Bianjing. The defenders used iron-cased gunpowder bombs "Zhentian Lei" and fire-breathing "Flying Fire Guns" to defend against the enemy. According to "History of the Jin Dynasty", the sound of thunder is like a thunderbolt, which can blow up the cowhide cave houses that are attacking the city to pieces.
SocietyBianjing epidemic
After the siege of the city, a great epidemic broke out in Bianjing. According to the "History of the Jin Dynasty", more than 900,000 people were transported out of various city gates during the fifty days. Some say this number is exaggerated.
PoliticsRun away to return home
In December, Aizong led some of his officials out of the city to the east, and entered Guide in the first month of the following year. Cui Li, the marshal of the west who stayed in Bianjing, immediately launched a mutiny and killed the Prime Minister. In April, he surrendered to Mongolia Xiancheng, and Jin Dynasty's concubine and family were escorted to the north.
PeopleRecommended by Yuan Haowen
After Bianjing surrendered, Jin Dynasty official Yuan Haowen wrote to the Mongolian minister Yelü Chucai, recommending fifty-four Central Plains Confucian scholars to request for preservation. He was then detained in Liaocheng and began to collect historical materials about Jin Dynasty.
MilitaryCaizhou died for his country
In June Aizong moved to Caizhou. Southern Song sent Meng Gong to lead an army with supplies to join forces with the Mongolian army and encircle Caizhou. On the eve of the city's fall in the first month of 1234, Aizong was rumored to be located in Wanyan Chenglin and hanged himself in Youlanxuan. His remains were divided between the Song and Mongolian armies.
IIIPeople of this reign
Monk Wanyan Chen
MilitaryNamed Yi, he commanded the loyal and filial army composed of Huihe, Naiman and other converts, and had strict military discipline. In the battle of Dachangyuan, a small number defeated a large number; after the defeat at Sanfengshan, he reported his name and died unyieldingly.
Cui Li
PoliticsMarshal Kim Seomyeon launched a mutiny in Bianjing after Aizong fled in 1233, killed the prime minister, called himself King Zheng, surrendered to the Mongolian city, and plundered the city's property. The next year he was killed by his generals.
Yuan Haowen
LiteratureHe personally experienced the siege of Bianjing and the destruction of Jin Dynasty, and wrote a large number of "poems of mourning and chaos". After the death of Jin Dynasty, he stopped serving as an official. He compiled "Zhongzhou Collection" and collected historical materials, which provided important basis for Yuan Xiu's "History of Jin Dynasty".
Meng Gong
MilitaryIn 1233, he led the Song army to the north with grain, surrounded Caizhou with the Mongolian army, and captured the city the following year. After that, he guarded Jinghu for a long time and became the mainstay of the fight against Mongolia.