Dynasties of ChinaJin dynastyJin dynasty lineage
Tianjuan · Huangtong · Reign 1135—1149
The Jurchen Emperor, who had learned Chinese since childhood, implemented the new system of Tianjuan and established an imperial peace treaty. In his later years, he became addicted to alcohol and killed people indiscriminately, and was killed by the Prince of Hailing.
Wanyan Dan's real name is Hela, and he is the direct grandson of Taizu. His father Zongjun died early and he was raised by his uncle Zongqian. He studied classics and history with the Han Confucian scholar Han Fang since he was a child. He was good at poetry and calligraphy, and was ridiculed by the old Jurchen officials as "just like a young boy from a Han family." In 1135, he succeeded Taizong to the throne. With the assistance of Zong Qian and Xi Yin, he implemented the new system of Tianjuan, imitating the Liao and Song Dynasties, established three provinces and six tribes, relieved Zong Han from military power, and successively killed Zong Pan, Ta Lan and other clans who advocated the return of Henan.
For Southern Song, he first negotiated peace and returned it to Henan and Shaanxi in 1139. The next year, he supported Zongbi in breaking the treaty and taking it back. In 1141, he concluded the imperial peace treaty and established the pattern of Huaishui-Dasanguan as the boundary. In his later years, Crown Prince died in infancy, and Zong Qian and Zong Bi died one after another. He was addicted to alcohol and moody, and repeatedly killed the clan ministers and concubines. In December 1149 (the beginning of 1150 in the Gregorian calendar), his cousin Wanyan Liang conspired with his ministers and entered the palace at night to kill him.
PoliticsAccession to the throne and the right to withdraw troops
In the first month of the year, Taizong died of illness, and young Wanyan Dan came to the throne. He led the three provinces of Zonghan, Zongqian, and Zongpan together, named Zunzong, but in fact he relieved Zonghan of his military power in Han. Zonghan died in depression two years later.
PoliticsDepose the puppet Qi
On the grounds that Liu Yu was incompetent in governing the country and had failed in repeated battles, he deposed the puppet Qi Emperor Liu Yu and established the Xingtai Shangshu Province in Bianjing, with Jin Dynasty directly ruling Henan and Shaanxi.
PoliticsNew system of heavenly relatives
A new official system was promulgated, replacing the old Jurchen Bojilie system with three provinces and six ministries, and formulating official grades according to Han Dynasty. In the same year, Huining Mansion was established as the capital, and the Jurchen regime accelerated its transformation into a Central Plains-style dynasty.
DiplomacyReturn to Henan and Shaanxi
Under the auspices of Zong Pan and Ta Lan, the Jin Dynasty negotiated peace with the Southern Song and returned the lands of Henan and Shaanxi formerly under the jurisdiction of the Puppet Qi to the Southern Song. In the same year, Zong Qian, Zong Bi and others executed Zong Pan and Zong Jun for treason, and Ta Lan was also executed.
MilitaryZongbi broke the treaty and invaded the south
Zong Bi led his army to retake Henan and Shaanxi, but was defeated by Liu Qi in Shunchang and Yue Fei in Yancheng and Yingchang. In the same year, Wanyan Xiyin, the founding hero of the People's Republic of China, was slandered by Zongbi and sentenced to death.
DiplomacyImperial Peace Conference
A peace agreement was made with the Southern Song: the Song Dynasty declared itself a minister to the Jin Dynasty, with Huai River and Dashan Pass as the boundary, and received 250,000 silver and silk each year. The following year, the Jin Dynasty sent an envoy to confer Zhao Gou as Emperor of the Song Dynasty and returned the coffin of Song Huizong and Gaozong's biological mother, the Queen Mother Wei.
CultureJurchen Small Characters and Imperial System
Start using the Jurchen small characters created by Xizong. In the same year, the "Imperial Control System" was promulgated, which was the first written code of Jin Dynasty. It was based on the old Jurchen customs and took into account the laws and regulations of the Sui, Tang, Liao and Song Dynasties.
PeopleZong Bi died of illness
The marshal and grand master Wanyan Zongbi passed away, and Xizong lost the last important minister who could control the government. Zongqian's son Wanyan Liang was immediately promoted to chief minister and gradually gained power.
PoliticsKilled in the bedroom
Xizong was addicted to drinking and killing indiscriminately. Even the Queen Pei Man was killed by him, and everyone in the court was in danger. In December, Wanyan Liang, his consort Tang Kuobian and others colluded with the palace guards, broke into the palace late at night and assassinated him.
His real name is Oben, Xizong's uncle and adoptive father. After Xizong came to the throne, he led the three provinces and advocated the promotion of the Han system. He was the main promoter of the new system of Tianjuan. After his son Wanyan Liang committed regicide, he was honored as Dezong, but the imperial title was removed during the Shizong period.
His real name is Ta Lan, the son of Muzong. He led troops in Shandong for a long time and advocated the return of Henan and Shaanxi to the Southern Song in exchange for peace. In 1139, he lost power and was executed for rebellion.
In 1129, he was ordered to envoy Jin and was detained in Lengshan and other places for fifteen years, but he remained unyielding. He returned to the south in 1143 and wrote "Songmo Jiwen" to record Jurchen customs and historical events in the early Jin Dynasty. It is an important material for studying the history of the Jin Dynasty.