Dynasties of ChinaJin dynastyJin dynasty lineage
Mingchang · Taihe · Reign 1189—1208
The canon and cultural relics reached the completion of the "Mingchang Rule", but the foreign relatives gained power, the Yellow River burst and hidden dangers in the north arose, and the Jin dynasty turned from prosperity to decline.
Wanyan Jing's real name is Mada Ge, the grandson of Shizong and the legitimate son of Xianzong Yun Gong. He received Chinese education since childhood and followed Shizong's order to learn Jurchen language and writing. His father died young in 1185, and he was established as the emperor's grandson the following year. He ascended the throne after Shizong's death in the first month of 1189, and changed his name to Mingchang the following year.
Zhangzong was fond of literature, calligraphy and painting, and studied calligraphy in Song Huizong's thin gold style. During his reign, he revised rituals, music, criminal laws and official systems, and promulgated "Taihe Laws and Meanings". Imperial examinations and schools became increasingly prosperous, and it was known as the "Mingchang Rule" in history. He overhauled the border forts in the north, united the Mongolian tribes to conquer Tatar, and repelled the Southern Song's Kaixi Northern Expedition in 1206, forcing the Southern Song to increase their annual coins.
However, in his later years, he doted on Li Shier, the concubine of the Yuan Dynasty, and his relatives and sycophants gained power, and the government gradually deteriorated; the Yellow River burst at Yangwu, the banknotes devalued, and the finances became increasingly difficult. The northern Mongolian tribes were unified during this period, but Jin Dynasty was not alert. Zhangzong died of illness in November 1208, and all his sons died young. He was succeeded by his uncle, King Yongji of Wei.
The Zhangzong era was the peak of Jin Dynasty's civilized rule. Ritual, music, punishment, and government were in full swing. Han culture was deeply rooted in the hearts of the upper Jurchens, and they still had the upper hand in the war against the Song Dynasty. However, as time passed, the clan and Meng'an became increasingly corrupt, relatives and sycophants gained power, excessive banknotes were issued, and the Yellow River breach increased the financial burden; he also lacked foresight for the changes in the northern grasslands. Only a few years after Zhangzong's death, Jin Dynasty declined sharply under the attack of Mongolia.
PoliticsAscended to the throne and adopted the era name
In the first month of the first month, Shizong died, and the emperor's grandson Wanyan Jing came to the throne. The following year, it was changed to Yuan Mingchang. After he came to the throne, he rectified the official administration, respected Confucianism, and issued many edicts to collect posthumous documents and enrich the secret collection of books.
SocietyBuild the Marco Polo Bridge
Because the Lugou River was turbulent and inconvenient, a stone bridge was built southwest of Zhongdu. It was completed in 1192 and named Guangli Bridge. The bridge is a double-arch stone bridge, with stone lions of various shapes carved on the pillar heads of the railings.
Lasting legacyThe main body of Marco Polo Bridge has been preserved to this day, and the "Morning Moon at Marco Polo Bridge" is one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing. The July 7th Incident broke out here in 1937.
PoliticsFavor Li Yuanfei
Li Shi'er, who was born in a palace, was favored and was first given the title of Concubine Shu, and then the Concubine Yuan. Zhangzong once wanted to make her the queen, but gave up because the ministers dissuaded her because of her low family status. As a result, his brothers became prominent, and their dependents flocked to him, and the government gradually deteriorated.
MilitaryBuild boundary trench
In order to defend against the nomadic tribes in the north, large-scale boundary trenches and forts were built on the basis of the Shizong period. Deep trenches were dug, earth was piled into walls, and fortresses were set up, stretching for thousands of miles. It is commonly known as the "Golden Great Wall".
Lasting legacyThe Jinjiehao site spans present-day Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Hebei and other places, and is a national key cultural relic protection unit.
SocietyYangwu breach of the Yellow River
In August, the Yellow River bursts at the old embankment of Yangwu, flooding the hills to the east. This Last Ruler flow flows through the Sishui River and the Huaihe River into the sea for a long time. Traditionally regarded as a major diversion of the Yellow River, it is said that the capture of the Huaihe River began in 1128 when Duchong cut off the river.
MilitaryNorthern Expedition Tata'er
Prime Minister Wanyan Xiang led troops to conquer the Tatar tribe in the north. Genghis Khan (Temüjin), the leader of the Mongolian Qiyan tribe, and Wang Han of the Klei tribe sent troops to help and defeated the Tatar tribe at the Orizha River. Jin dynasty granted Genghis Khan (Temüjin) the official position, which objectively contributed to the growth of Mongolia.
EconomyZhucheng'anbao goods
Due to the devaluation of banknotes and the shortage of copper coins, silver ingots "Cheng'an Baohuo" were minted as legal tender and divided into five grades from one tael to twelve taels. This was the earliest silver coin in China that was minted by the government and had a specified face value. However, it was abolished in 1200 due to adulteration due to private minting.
CultureDong Jieyuan writes about the West Chamber
Based on the Tang legend "The Legend of Yingying", Dong Jieyuan wrote "The Romance of the West Chamber Zhugong Diao", changing the tragedy of Zhang Sheng and Cui Yingying into a happy ending, alternated with rapping and rapping. It is the only complete existing Zhugong Diao work.
PoliticsPromulgate the Law of Taihe
"Taihe Lv Yi" and the supporting orders and patterns were promulgated. The rhymes were based on Tang Lv and took into account the new system of Song and Jin Dynasties. This code was still in use in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, and was not discontinued until 1271 by the Yuan Dynasty.
MilitaryDefeat the Kaixi Northern Expedition
Southern Song Han Tuozhou launched the Northern Expedition, and the Song army's attacks on Sizhou, Suzhou and other places successively failed. Jin Dynasty immediately took Pu Sankui as commander and headed south, attacking Huainan, Xianghan and other places, forcing Southern Song to sue for peace.
PeopleGenghis Khan (Temüjin)
Genghis Khan (Temüjin), the leader of the Qiyan tribe in Mobei Mongolia, unified the tribes and was elected as Cheng Jisihan. Jin Dynasty was busy fighting the Song Dynasty at this time and did not take precautions against the emerging powerful enemies in the north.
DiplomacyWu Xi drops gold
Southern Song Sichuan Xuanfu deputy envoy Wu Xi secretly paid money, and Zhangzong named him King of Shu. But two months later, Wu Xi was killed by Song generals An Bing, Yang Juyuan and others, and Jin Dynasty's plan to seize Sichuan failed.
Diplomacypeace treaty
A peace treaty was concluded with the Southern Song (called the Jiading Peace Treaty in the Song Dynasty), and the two countries were changed into the kingdom of uncle and nephew. The coins of the Song Dynasty were increased to 300,000 silver and silk each, and an additional 3 million taels of silver were paid as a reward to the army, and a letter of Han Tuozhou's head was sent to Jin Dynasty.
PoliticsDied of illness without heirs
He died of illness in November at the age of forty-one and was buried in Dao Mausoleum. All the princes died young, and their uncle was appointed King of Wei Yongji. Shortly after Yongji ascended the throne, Concubine Li of Yuan Dynasty was accused of murdering a pregnant concubine and was sentenced to death.
His real name is Om, and he is a famous general in the clan. In 1196, he led the troops to conquer the Tataer tribe in the north and won. He also presided over the construction of the northern border trench and became the prime minister.
Son of Pu Sanzhongyi. In 1206, he served as the envoy of Xuanfu in Henan, led the troops to repel the Southern Song Northern Expedition, and divided his route south to attack Huainan. He died of illness in the army the following year.
Famous teacher, born in the palace, smart and good at catering, won Zhangzong's favor. His family and dependents gained power as a result, which is regarded as one of the reasons for Zhangzong's political corruption in his later years. Prince of Weishao was sentenced to death after he ascended the throne.
His courtesy name is Shijie and his nickname is Zhuxi. He was a classmate of Xin Qiji when he was young. He served as a Hanlin scholar and presided over the literary world for many years. His poems were elegant and elegant, and he was especially famous for his seal script and official script.
A famous doctor from Hejian, he declined the call from the imperial court many times and was given the title "Mr. Gao Shang" by Zhangzong. His fiery theory started the debate among the medical schools of Jin and Yuan Dynasties.
Zhangzong was born at that time, his real name is unknown, "Jie Yuan" is an honorific title for scholars. His work "The Romance of the West Chamber" laid the foundation for Wang Shifu's "The Romance of the West Chamber" in the Yuan Dynasty.