Dynasties of ChinaJin dynastyJin dynasty lineage
Dading · Reign 1161—1189
When Hailing invaded the south, he ascended the throne in Liaoyang, negotiated peace with the Southern Song, recuperated, and created the "Government of Dading", known as "Little Yao and Shun".
Wanyan Yong, whose real name is Wulu, is the grandson of Taizu and the son of Ruizong Zongfu. His mother, Li, is from Bohai. He had a generous temperament and was good at riding and shooting. During the Prince of Hailing period, he served as a stay-at-home officer in various places and was jealous. His wife, Wu Linsheng, was summoned to Zhongdu and committed suicide on the way. In 1161, the Prince of Hailing invaded the south, and there were complaints from the rear. Wanyan Yong, who was left behind in Tokyo at the time, was proclaimed emperor in Liaoyang and changed to Dading in the Yuan Dynasty.
After taking the throne, he put down the Khitan Wo'o uprising, repulsed the Southern Song Longxing Northern Expedition, and concluded a peace treaty with the Southern Song in 1164, and the two countries became the kingdom of uncles and nephews. There was no war in N&S in the next thirty years. He neglected corvee and reduced taxes, checked household registration and material resources, rectified official administration, advocated frugality, greatly increased household registration, and enriched warehouses. It is known as the "Government of Dading" in history.
Shizong was worried that the Jurchens would lose their martial arts after becoming Sinicized, so he advocated the Jurchen language, riding and shooting, and simple old customs. He established the Jurchen Jinshi Department and ordered people to translate Confucian classics and histories into Jurchen texts. In his later years, he went to Beijing to review the old customs. Crown Prince Yun Gong died young, and he appointed his grandson Wanyan Jing as his heir. He died of illness in the first month of 1189.
Shizong was in the midst of a crisis. It negotiated for peace, and restored the power of the people with frugality, lenience and rectification of officialdom. During the Dading period, the household registration doubled and the treasury was enriched. It was the most stable and prosperous period of the Jin dynasty. Although the reputation of "Little Yao and Shun" is laudable, it also reflects the evaluation of the people at the time. However, his promotion of old Jurchen customs failed to prevent the decline of Meng'an Muke, and his policy of maintaining Jurchen privileges also perpetuated the estrangement between various ethnic groups.
PoliticsLiaoyang ascended the throne
In October, he was proclaimed emperor in Liaoyang Prefecture, Tokyo, changed the Yuan Dynasty to Dading, and issued an edict to enumerate the crimes of Prince of Hailing. After the death of Prince of Hailing, the Jin army from the south returned to the north to join him, and he immediately entered Zhongdu.
Militarypacify the nest
He sent Pu Sanzhongyi, Ge Shiliezhining and others to lead an army to attack the Khitan rebel army, and captured Yi Lawowo in September. Subsequently, the Khitan people who participated in the uprising were dispersed and relocated, and the situation in the north stabilized.
MilitaryBattle of Fuli
Southern Song Xiaozong ordered Zhang Jun to make a northern expedition. The Song army once captured Lingbi and Suzhou. Jin general Ge Shiliezhining led his army to counterattack and defeated Li Xianzhong and Shao Hongyuan's troops in Fuli, and the Song army retreated.
Diplomacypeace treaty
A peace treaty was concluded with the Southern Song (called the Longxing Peace Treaty in the Song Dynasty): the two countries were renamed uncles and nephews, the Lord of the Song Dynasty no longer bowed to the Jin Dynasty, the annual currency was reduced to 200,000, and the boundaries were generally restored to the old boundaries. After that, there was no war in the Song and Jin Dynasties for more than 40 years.
EconomyInspection and recommendation
Officials were sent to various roads to inspect households' properties, houses, carriages, horses, slaves and other material resources, as a basis for apportioning taxes and servitude, and the arrangements were made many times thereafter. The reform was intended to equalize the burden, but disturbances and injustices also occurred during its implementation.
CultureWang Chongyang created Quanzhen Tao
Taoist priest Wang Chongyang went east to Ninghai, Shandong Province to preach, and accepted disciples such as Ma Yu and Qiu Chuji. He founded Quanzhen Taoism and advocated the unification of the three religions and the practice of becoming a monk and practicing pure Buddhism. Quanzhen Taoism spread rapidly in the north.
Lasting legacyQuanzhen Taoism is still one of the two major Taoist sects in China, the other being Zhengyi Taoism.
DiplomacyFan Chengda makes gold
Southern Song sent Fan Chengda to envoy Jin, requesting the return of Northern Song's mausoleum and changing the book-receiving etiquette. He submitted a private letter in front of Jinting, argued hard, and was almost detained. In the end, he returned home and wrote seventy-two quatrains about his journey along the way.
CultureEstablish Jurchen Jinshi Department
A Jurchen Jinshi subject was established to select scholars based on Jurchen literary theory. The first subject admitted students such as Shan Yi. In the same year, the title of Shangjing of Huining Prefecture was restored, and thereafter an order was issued to prohibit the Jurchens from changing to Chinese surnames and imitating Han clothing.
SocietyDaning Palace was built
Daning Palace was built in the northeastern suburbs of Zhongdu, and lakes were dug and mountains were dug to form a garden pattern with islands in the lakes. Shizong often spent summers here to manage affairs.
Lasting legacyThe layout of Qionghua Island and the lake surface in today's Beihai Park in Beijing began with the Ligong Palace in the Jin Dynasty, and was used as a center to plan the capital city in the Yuan Dynasty.
CultureJurchen Bible Translation
The Institute of Translation of Classics translated the "Book of Changes", "Shangshu", "The Analects of Confucius", "Mencius" and "New Book of Tang" into Jurchen texts for submission. Shizong said that the purpose of translating the Five Classics is to let the Jurchens know about benevolence, righteousness and morality.
SocietyEast tour to Beijing
Starting from the tour, he went to Huining Mansion in Beijing and stayed in his hometown for nearly a year. He hosted a banquet for the clan elders and sang songs in Jurchen language in person, recounting the difficulties of their ancestors in starting a business and warning their descendants not to forget the simple old customs.
PeopleCrown Prince Yungong passed away due to illness
In June, Crown Prince Yungong died of illness at the age of forty. Shizong was deeply saddened, and the following year he appointed Wanyan Jing, the son of Yungong, as the grandson of the emperor, and asked him to judge Daxing Mansion and participate in government affairs to accumulate experience.
SocietyProsperous household registration
According to "Jin Shi Shi Huo Zhi", there were only more than 3 million households in the country in the early years of Dading. By the 27th year of Dading, it had increased to more than 6.78 million households and more than 44.7 million people. This was an important sign of the economic recovery of Jin Dynasty.
PoliticsDied of illness in Zhongdu
He died of illness in Zhongdu in the first month of the year at the age of sixty-seven and was buried in Xingling. The emperor's grandson Wanyan Jing ascended the throne and was named Zhangzong.
Shizong, whose real name is Wu Zhe, was the right prime minister and marshal of the capital at that time. He led the army to put down the Wo'u Uprising, led the army to resist the Northern Expedition of the Song Army, and presided over the peace negotiations with the Southern Song. He was the first official to stabilize the situation in the early years of Dading.
His real name was Sahe Nian. He was already a famous general when the Prince of Hailing came to power, and he joined Shizong after he came to the throne. He participated in the capture of Wo'ou and defeated the Song army in Fuli in 1163. He became the prime minister of Zuo.
His real name is Hu Tuwa, the legitimate son of Shizong. He was eager to learn since childhood and was familiar with Chinese classics and history. He has been the Crown Prince for more than 20 years and is known for his benevolence and filial piety. He died young and failed to ascend the throne. After his son Zhangzong ascended the throne, he was honored as Xianzong.
His real name is Xi Xian. In his later years, Shizong became prime minister and advocated the establishment of the emperor's grandson Wanyan Jing as his successor. Shizong was ordered to assist Zhangzong before his death, and was regarded as a pillar minister in Dading and Mingchang.
A native of Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, Yingzhi practiced martial arts in his early years, but later abandoned his family to practice Taoism. In 1167, he went east to Shandong, preached in a nunnery named "Quanzhen", and accepted the "Seven Sons of Quanzhen" as his disciples. He died on the way back to Shaanxi in 1170.
The courtesy name is Zhineng, and the name is Shihu Jushi. In 1170, Shi Jin fulfilled his mission and wrote "Raider Record" to record what he saw along the way. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Shihu, Suzhou. He was famous for his "Pastoral Miscellany in Four Seasons" and was one of the "four great poets of the Zhongxing Dynasty".