Dynasties of ChinaTang dynastyTang dynasty lineage
Zhangqing · Reign 820—824
Supported by eunuchs, indulged in entertainment, and mishandled, the three towns of Heshuo rebelled again, and the achievements of Yuanhe Zhongxing were completely lost.
Li Heng is the third son of Xianzong, and his biological mother is Guo Guifei, the granddaughter of Guo Ziyi. After Crown Prince Li Ning died of illness in 811, he was established as Crown Prince the following year with the support of his mother's family. In 820, Xianzong died violently. The eunuchs Liang Shouqian, Wang Shoucheng and others killed Tu Tuchengcui, who had planned to establish the king of Li, and Li Yun, the king of Li, and supported him on the throne. After he came to the throne, he indulged in banquets and batting, rewarded lavishly, and delegated most of the government affairs to the chief minister.
Chief ministers Xiao Chu and Duan Wenchang advocated reducing the number of troops, and most of the laid-off soldiers flowed into Heshuo. In 821, Lulong and Chengde mutinied one after another, and Zhu Kerong and Wang Tingcou established their own rule. The following year, Wei Bo also lost control. The court was unable to attack it, so it had to admit that the three towns of Heshuo were separated from the central government again. The examination case in the same year deepened the grievances between the Niu and Li factions. In 822, he was frightened and suffered a stroke while batting. After that, he took golden elixir and died of illness in the first month of 824, at the age of thirty.
PoliticsThe eunuchs supported him
In the first month of the first month, Xianzong died violently. The eunuchs Liang Shouqian, Wang Shoucheng and others supported the Crown Prince to ascend the throne and killed Tu Tuchengcui and Li Wang Li Yun. After Muzong came to the throne, he did not pursue the rebels, but only killed the alchemist Liu Bi and others who offered the elixir.
CultureThe heart is right and the pen is right
Muzong called the calligrapher Liu Gongquan to be a bachelor of calligraphy in Hanlin Academy, and asked him how to use the pen. Liu Gongquan replied, "Use the pen in the heart, and the heart will be straight, and the pen will be straight." Muzong heard the remonstrance and changed his appearance.
MilitaryDisposal of troops
Chief ministers Xiao Chu and Duan Wenchang believed that the world was at peace and requested all armies to reduce their troops at a rate of 8% every year. The laid-off soldiers had no way of making a living, and most of them fled into the mountains and forests or went to Heshuo Fan Town, laying hidden dangers for the subsequent mutiny.
PoliticsChangqing Examination Case
Qian Hui, the Minister of Rites, presided over the Jinshi examination. The people entrusted by Duan Wenchang and Li Shen failed, but Li Zongmin's son-in-law and others passed. Li Deyu, Yuan Zhen, and Li Shen accused him of being unfair, and Muzong ordered a re-examination. Qian Hui and Li Zongmin were demoted, and the resentment between the Niu and Li factions deepened.
MilitaryHeshuo's Rebellion
In July, Lulong's army rebelled, imprisoning the Jiedushi envoy Zhang Hongjing, and supported Zhu Kerong; Chengde general Wang Tingcou killed the Jiedushi envoy Tian Hongzheng and his family members, and more than 300 officials were able to stand on their own. The court's crusade was ineffective, and the court was forced to admit it the following year, and Wei Bo was out of control.
DiplomacyChangqing Alliance
Tang and Tibet met successively in the western suburbs of Chang'an and the eastern suburbs of Luoxe (today's Lhasa), and agreed that each would maintain its existing boundaries and not invade each other, and the two sides would refer to each other as "uncle and nephew". In 823, the alliance text was engraved on a stele in both Chinese and Tibetan languages and erected in Luosue.
Lasting legacyThe Monument of the Tang-Tibetan Alliance still stands in front of the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa. It is an important object for studying Tang-Tibetan relations and ancient Tibetan literature.
Peoplebatting stroke
In November, Muzong was playing ball with eunuchs in the ban. One of the eunuchs fell off his horse. Muzong was frightened and suffered a stroke. He was unable to walk and could not see the court for many days. Chief minister Li Fengji and others petitioned to appoint the eldest son Li Zhan as Crown Prince.
PoliticsDied of illness after taking Jindan
After Muzong suffered a stroke, he took gold and stone elixirs in order to recover, but his condition became increasingly serious. He died in the palace in the first month of the year at the age of thirty, and Crown Prince Li Zhan came to the throne.
Together with Bai Juyi, he was called "Yuan Bai". At that time, Muzong was a Hanlin scholar who worshiped as prime minister. Because of his discord with Pei Du, he resigned as prime minister within a few months. The legendary "The Legend of Yingying" is the source of the story of later generations "The Romance of the West Chamber".
Muzong was then a scholar of the Imperial Academy and served as an official for seven dynasties. Regular script has strong bones and is known as "Liu Ti" in the world. Together with Yan Zhenqing, it is also known as "Yan Jin Liu Gu".
A descendant of the Uighurs, he killed Tian Hongzheng and established himself in 821. The imperial attack failed, so he had to be awarded the Jie Yue, and Chengde was separated again.
The son of Li Jifu, he entered the officialdom with his family background. Muzong was a Hanlin bachelor at that time. He had a grudge with Li Zongmin due to the imperial examination case and was appointed as the observer of western Zhejiang in 822.