Dynasties of ChinaTang dynastyTang dynasty lineage
Yuanhe · Reign 805—820
He flattened the domineering vassal towns such as Huaixi and Ziqing, and the world returned to the imperial court. It was known as the "Yuanhe Zhongxing" in history. He died violently in the palace.
Li Chun, formerly known as Li Chun, was the eldest son of Shunzong. In 805, he was established as Crown Prince with the support of eunuchs and vassal towns. In August of the same year, he ascended the throne with accession following abdication, and was changed to Yuan Yuanhe the following year. Taking his grandfather Dezong's appeasement of the feudal towns as a warning, he determined to restore the authority of the central government. When he came to the throne, he put down the rebellion of Liu Pi in Xichuan and Li Qi in Zhenhai, and appointed capable ministers such as Du Huangshang, Li Jifu, Pei Du, and Wu Yuanheng to rectify the finances.
In 814, Wu Yuanji inherited Huaixi without permission, and Xianzong insisted on using troops. In 815, chief minister Wu Yuanheng was assassinated by assassins in the feudal town. Many people in the DPRK advocated a strike, but he still presided over the war with Pei Du as prime minister. In 817, Li Su made a surprise attack on Caizhou on a snowy night and captured Wu Yuanji. After that, King Chengde offered his land and asked for surrender, and Cheng Quan of Henghai moved his family to the dynasty. In 819, Li Shidao of Ziqing was killed by his generals, and all the vassal towns in various places obeyed orders for a while, which was called "Yuanhe Zhongxing" in history.
Xianzong was extravagant and complacent in his later years. He appointed ministers to gather the Buddha's bones in Famen Temple and took elixirs. He had a bad temper and the eunuchs on his left and right were often killed for minor offenses. In the first month of 820, he died violently in Zhonghe Hall. It is generally believed that he was killed by the eunuch Chen Hongzhi and others. The eunuchs immediately supported Crown Prince Li Heng.
Xianzong is the most accomplished Tang dynasty emperor after An Lushan Rebellion. He persisted in cutting down the vassal vassal, employed people appropriately, and successively pacified Xichuan, Zhenhai, Huaixi, and Ziqing despite financial difficulties, temporarily ending the separatist rule of vassal towns and restoring the prestige of the imperial court. However, Yuanhe Zhongxing mainly relied on force and temporary momentum, and did not eradicate the soil of the vassal town; he also reused eunuchs, worshiped Buddha and sought immortality in his later years, and eventually died at the hands of the eunuchs, and the achievements of Zhongxing were quickly lost after his death.
Politicsaccession following abdication
In April, he was established as Crown Prince, in July he was in charge of the country, and in August he was enthroned by his father Shunzong Neichan. He immediately demoted Wang Shuwen, Wang Pi and the reformist Eight Sima, and the Yongzhen Reform came to an end.
MilitaryPacification of Xichuan
After Liu Pi, the deputy envoy of Xichuan Jiedu, established himself as Liu, he also asked for control of the three rivers and raised troops to attack Dongchuan. Xianzong adopted the advice of chief minister Du Huangshang and ordered Gao Chongwen, the general of Shence Army, to attack Chengdu in September and capture Liu Pi.
Culture"Song of Everlasting Sorrow" by Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi, who was the captain of Yusi County at that time, visited Xianyou Temple with his friends, talked about the past events of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei, and wrote a long narrative poem "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", which spread all over the world. Even the singers regarded themselves as being able to recite this poem.
Lasting legacy"Song of Everlasting Sorrow" was introduced to Japan very early, and its poetic flavor is used in many places in the opening chapter of "The Tale of Genji", "Tonghu", and it is still a well-known masterpiece in both China and Japan.
MilitaryPut down Li Qi
Li Qi, the governor of Zhenhai, refused to enter the court and rebelled. He was soon captured by his generals and sent to Chang'an to be executed. His concubine Zheng disappeared into the palace and later gave birth to Xuanzong.
EconomyCompiled "Yuanhe National Account Book"
Chief minister Li Jifu statistics on the national wealth show that 15 of the 48 towns do not declare their household registration. The national tax mainly relies on eight provinces in eastern Zhejiang, western Zhejiang, Xuanshe, Huainan, Jiangxi, Eyue, Fujian and Hunan. It can be seen that the financial center of gravity has moved to Jiangnan.
PoliticsMaking case
Niu Sengru, Li Zongmin and others bluntly criticized the current affairs in the examination policy, and the examiner rated them as superior. Chief minister Li Jifu complained to Xianzong that the examiner was demoted and they were not promoted for a long time. It is generally believed that this was one of the origins of the subsequent "niu-li party struggle".
MilitaryConquering Cheng De in vain
After the death of Wang Shizhen, the Chengde Jiedu envoy, his son Wang Chengzong established himself on his own. Xianzong appointed the eunuch Tu Tuchengcui as the commander-in-chief of the expedition. The armies waited and watched, and the teacher had no achievements, so the court was forced to recognize Wang Chengzong's status.
PoliticsWei Bo surrenders
After Wei Bo's Jiedushi envoy Tian Ji'an died, General Tian Xing was promoted by the army to stay behind. He took the initiative to present his household registration to the court and requested the appointment of officials. Xianzong named him Tian Hongzheng. This is the first time that the three towns of Heshuo voluntarily surrendered to the imperial court.
EconomyFlying money
In Chang'an, merchants would pay for goods to Jinzouyuan or wealthy merchants stationed in Beijing, and receive coupons. After returning to their hometowns, they could withdraw money with the coupons, eliminating the need to carry copper coins. This was called "flying money" or "quick exchange." In 812, the imperial court allowed the three departments of Hubu, Duzhi, and Salt and Iron to operate this business.
Culture"Yuanhe commanderies and counties map"
Li Jifu compiled "Yuanhe Commanderies and Counties Illustrated Records", which uses forty-seven towns as an outline to record the history, household registration, mountains and rivers, products and tributes of each prefecture and county. The original book is accompanied by a map for each town.
Lasting legacyExcept for maps and some volumes, this book has been handed down to this day. It is the earliest and relatively complete ancient geographical general record in existence.
Politicschief minister assassinated
In order to prevent the imperial court from conquering Huaixi, Li Shidao of Ziqing sent assassins to assassinate chief minister Wu Yuanheng on the streets of Chang'an. Pei Du, the censor Zhongcheng, was also slashed. Many people in the court advocated a strike, but Xianzong insisted on using troops, and immediately appointed Pei Du as chief minister.
PeopleBai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou
Bai Juyi asked Shangshu to arrest the murderer of Wu Yuanheng urgently. He was accused of overstepping his duties and was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In the autumn of the following year, he saw off guests at the head of the Xunyang River and wrote "Pipa Xing", leaving behind the famous line "We are all fallen people at the end of the world".
MilitaryEntering Caizhou on a snowy night
In October, Li Su, the military envoy of Tang and Deng dynasties, led an army to attack Wu Yuanji's hometown Caizhou on a snowy night. He entered the city at dawn, captured Wu Yuanji alive, and pacified Huaixi Town, which had been separatist for more than 30 years. Han Yu was ordered to write the "Ping Huaixi Stele".
PoliticsBecome virtuous and offer land
After Huaixi was pacified, Chengde King Chengzong was so frightened that he offered De and Di Prefectures and his son to the court as hostages. Henghai Jiedu envoy Cheng Quan also brought his entire family to the court, and the situation in Hebei changed.
MilitaryPingding Ziqing
Xianzong sent Taoist troops to attack Li Shidao in Ziqing. In February, Li Shidao was killed by his general Liu Wu, and the twelve prefectures of Ziqing were divided into three towns. At this point, vassal towns all over the country were ordered by the imperial court, and it was called "Yuanhe Zhongxing" in history.
CultureWelcoming Buddha Bones and Admonishing Buddha Bones
In the first month of the first month, Xianzong sent people from Fengxiang Famen Temple to welcome the Buddha's finger relics into the palace to offer them, and the princes, officials and people rushed to give alms. Han Yu's "On the Bones of the Buddha" objected fiercely, and Xianzong was furious and wanted to be executed. After cooperating with Du and others to plead for mercy, he was demoted to the governor of Chaozhou.
Lasting legacyAccording to legend, Chaozhou people renamed Crocodile Creek to Hanjiang and Dongshan to Hanshan in memory of Han Yu's founding of schools and driving away crocodiles. There is still a Han Wengong Temple in Chaozhou today.
PoliticsBaozhonghe Palace
Xianzong took the elixir refined by the alchemist Liu Bi, and his temper became increasingly irritable. The eunuchs on his left and right were often killed due to negligence. In the first month of the first month, he died violently in Zhonghe Hall. At that time, many people believed that he was killed by the eunuch Chen Hongzhi and others. The eunuch claimed that it was caused by taking medicine.
He paid homage to the prime minister twice, advocated the reduction of vassals, rectified finance and official administration, and compiled the "Yuanhe National Accounts Book" and "Yuanhe Commanderies and Counties Chart". His son Li Deyu later became the leader of the Li Party.
He advocated the crusade against Huaixi. He was seriously injured in an assassination but did not change his ambition and went to the front line to supervise the battle. He served as an official in the Xian, Mu, Jing, and Wen dynasties. He served as a general and became a prime minister for more than 20 years, and was granted the title of Duke of Jin.
He firmly advocated the reduction of vassal status and was killed by Ziqing assassins on his way to court in 815. He specializes in poetry and has harmonized with many poets at that time.
The son of Li Cheng, he was good at using time and treated his generals favorably. On a snowy night in 817, he made a surprise attack on Caizhou, captured Wu Yuanji, and granted him the title of Duke of Liang.
He led Wei Bo to submit to the imperial court and participated in the crusade against Ziqing. When Muzong was transferred to Chengde Jiedushi, he was killed by his general Wang Tingcou.
A close confidant of Xianzong, he was the commander-in-chief when he conquered Chengde but failed. After Xianzong's death, he was killed by the eunuchs who supported Muzong because he had planned to establish King Li.
He once accompanied Pei Du on an expedition to Huaixi, served as a marching commander, and wrote the "Ping Huaixi Stele"; in 819, he was demoted to Chaozhou for admonishing the Buddha's bones.
When Yuan He first served as Zuo Shiyi, he made many direct admonishments. He and Yuan Zhen advocated the New Yuefu Movement and wrote allegorical poems such as "The Charcoal Seller". In 815, he was demoted to Jiangzhou.